Vocal cord paresis

The larynx is the organ of the upper respiratory tract located between the pharynx and trachea. This body performs a respiratory function, and forms a voice. In the larynx are the vocal cords, they are stretched transversely and between them there is a gap. The voice is formed in the period of oscillation of the vocal cords when the glottis through the air.

The muscular apparatus of the larynx performs its activities through nerve impulses, in the event of inflammation or damage to the nerves that transmit impulses to the muscles, there comes a paresis of the vocal cords. Paresis is a partial loss of function of the vocal cords, it can occur in unilateral or bilateral lesion of the recurrent nerve, most often occur during operations on the thyroid gland, the vessels of the neck or spine.

This pathology of the vocal cords can be observed in the tumours, when compressed the organs of the mediastinum and esophagus, with protrusion of the aortic wall, increasing the lower chambers of the heart, neck injuries. The paretic symptoms – hoarseness, rattling, fatigue in communication, loss of voice, heavy breathing, lowering the pitch of the voice, due to vocal fold vibration at two different frequencies simultaneous formation of two tones of different height.

In medicine identified several types of paresis:

· Myopathic paresis cause, which becomes laryngitis, hemorrhaging an excessive stress of the voice, they appear in puberty.

· Neuropathic paresis means weakness of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles associated with the violation of innervation.

· Organic paresis occurs when the vagus nerve is damaged and its branches. Functional paresis – caused by disorder of the relationship between the processes of inhibition and excitation in the cerebral cortex, functional neuroses, neurasthenia.

How to solve the problem?

Diagnosis is carried out on the basis of complaints and the results of laryngoscopy. Also performed imaging of the region of the throat, inspection of the larynx by means of a flexible optical probe. Used modern research technique called stroboscopy, allowing in slow motion to observe the functional work of the vocal cords.

The small deviations and pathology in the vocal cords determines computer speaker method, in the course of which is digital voice recording. Variouscomputer programs contribute to the definition of the frequency range, stability, power extraction sound, the stability of the frequency of speech. The treatment of paresis of the larynx is assigned depending on the etiology of the disease.

In infectious and inflammatory nature of the paresis of the vocal cords it is recommended to conduct antibacterial and antiviral therapy. Detection of neuritis involves the use of medications of neuroprotective action of vitamin B. Myopathic form of paresis effectively treated biogenic stimulants, such as ATP, aloe, neostigmine – activator of muscle activity.

As a therapeutic agent in functional paresis exchange neuroleptics, antidepressants, tranquilizers, and drugs sedative properties. Today there are several advanced treatment methods, but the problem of restoring voice in patients with unilateral paralysis of the larynx is also a complex and relevant in laryngology.

For the treatment of such patients used vodopadiki method, acupuncture. Excellent results that affect fast recovery the ligaments, gives electrical stimulation diadynamic currents of the neuromuscular apparatus of the larynx. In the fight against inflammation are also good for fluctuating currents resorptive and regenerative properties.

Modern medicine has an excellent method, which consists in heat treatment, which causes vasodilation. This not only improves microcirculation, but also increases metabolism. Surgical techniques was not effective, because they cause injury, is better has shown itself injectable implants introduced in the vocal folds, made of various synthetic materials and biopolymers without the content of toxic substances.