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Causes, symptoms, treatment and methods for removal of polyps in the uterus

What does a polyp in the uterus?

Polyps in the uterus – is a mushroom-like formation on the stem in the lumen of the cervical canal of the authority that arise from the overgrowth of tissue epithelium. The reason for this process can be malfunctions of the immune system, hormonal disturbances, excessive production of estrogen as well as stressful condition of the body.

Polyps account for approximately 25% of all diagnosed benign changes of the cervix, among which there are also papilloma, erosion, condyloma, Erythro - leukoplakia. Provoke their appearance may chronic infection, emotional stress, periods of crisis of the reproductive system – puberty, pregnancy and childbirth, menopause.

By themselves, polyps in the uterus is not dangerous, but can cause serous discharge and pain. But impaired immunity or hormonal disruptions there is a risk of a pathological degeneration of the cells and the beginning of the malignant process. Therefore, women with polyps in the uterus needs to be screened regularly by a gynecologist to monitor the status of tumors.

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Causes of cervical polyps

Common causes the formation of polyps no, the mechanism of proliferation of the endometrium can be run on a number of factors, among which age-related changes associated with hormonal surges, gynecological disorders, systemic diseases, disorders of hormonal regulation.

The reasons for the development of polyps in the uterus:

  • Endometriosis, ovarian dysfunction, cysts, uterine fibroids and other gynecological diseases;

  • The age hormonal surges and recessions – puberty or menopause with accompanying diseases such as chronic infection, diabetes mellitus or impaired function of the thyroid gland;

  • Fatigue and psycho-emotional stress, depression, stress;

  • Injury of the uterus during diagnostic procedures such as curettage or hysteroscopy;
  • Inflammation of the mucosa of the uterus, endocervicitis;
  • Injury of the cervix during childbirth or during surgical abortion.
  • Dysbacteriosis, thrush, chlamydia and infectious processes of the genital organs associated with inflammation.

Underlying medical conditions is erosion, ectopia, leukoplakia, cervicitis and atrophic vaginitis. At least one health problem on this list are observed in 70% of cases of endometrial polyps.

Do hormonal changes in the formation of polyps the uterus?

Endometrium is very sensitive to hormonal changes, and in response to hormonal imbalance endometrium to start to thicken, separate groups of cells start uncontrolled division, arises polyposis. To surgical treatment of endometrial polyps was successful, you shouldfirst restore female hormonal balance.

The causes of violation of the hormonal balance:

  • Ovarian cysts and other tumours of education. Ovarian cyst prevents the release of an egg in the ovulation process, in response, the body increases the amount produced of estrogen, which increases the risk of developing polyposis. In addition, ovarian tumors have cells that can not produce estrogen, creating additional conditions for endometrial hyperplasia;

  • Pathology of the pituitary gland. Gonadotropin, which is produced in the pituitary gland, affects the synthesis of estrogen. If the result of injuries to the skull, tissue hypoxia, severe poisoning or damage during operations on the brain, the pituitary gland produces too much hormone, estrogen secreted in large quantities that stimulates the formation of polyps in the uterus;
  • The violation of adrenal function. The adrenal glands secrete hormones that regulate the activity of the whole body, including influencing the concentration of sex hormones in the blood;
  • The use of hormones, oral contraceptives. Drugs affecting the hormonal balance of the body, shall be appointed by the doctor individually for each patient. The mechanism of action of oral contraceptives based on the impact on the balance of estrogen and progesterone. For violation of dosage and individual reaction to the drug may occur the risk of adenomatous polyps, which are very dangerous because it can turn into a malignant formation in the process of malignancy.

Topic: restoring hormonal failure in the home

The age at which the greatest likelihood of development of endometrial polyps?

Since this is a disease of the uterus is directly related to hormonal changes in the body, the risk of polyps increases when hormonal women are the least stable.

Note three of the crisis period, during which hormonal changes in connection with the restructuring of the reproductive system:

  • Puberty. Hormonal changes the body during the period of pubertal can lead to enhanced production of estrogen needed for the start of the menstrual cycle. Estrogens can affect the endometrium by stimulating its division and the formation of polyps. But the young body strong protective mechanisms that prevent pathological growths in the uterus, if there is no associateddiseases – diabetes, infections of the genitourinary system, dysfunction of the thyroid, ovarian cysts;

  • Pregnancy and the breastfeeding period. Hormones in pregnant women varies because of reproductive system must support the development of the fetus for nine months. And then hormonal changes associated with lactation, can cause the growth of these formations in the uterus, including placental polyps, which are found only in the postpartum period;
  • The period of menopause. Menopause is characterized by ovarian failure and lower concentrations of sex hormones in the blood. Menopause usually starts around 45-50 years and in that time, against the background of changes in hormone levels can also increase the risk of developing tumors in the uterus. Hormonal drugs that women take to mitigate the negative manifestations of menopause, can stimulate the growth of the endometrium, which increases the likelihood of pathology.

Symptoms of a polyp in the uterus

Small growths and single polyps in the uterus usually do not show up unpleasant symptoms, and often their detection occurs accidentally during a routine examination.

Only mechanical damage to the polyp or infection can result in noticeable symptoms are:

  • Abnormal discharge from the vagina;
  • Drawing pain in the abdomen;
  • Uterine bleeding not associated with menstruation.

In addition, to determine the presence of this disease can and on indirect symptoms of the obstruction of conception until infertility, disruption of menstrual cycle which is often observed in polyps of the cervix.

In some cases, polyps can cause cervical cancer?

The process of neoplastic transformation consists of three steps:

  • The growth of the endometrium or hyperplasia, the formation of polyps;

  • The transformation of one type of epithelial cell to another, or metaplasia;
  • Dysplasia is characterized by the occurrence of malignant degeneration of cells that can provoke cancer.

The risk of degeneration of endometrial polyps malignant the tumor is small, it is observed only 2% of clinical cases, however, any tumor requiresa thorough examination.

Polyposis can cause reflex irritation of the uterus, thereby increasing the risk of disruptions and complications of pregnancy.

Under what symptoms should contact a doctor:

  • Scanty menses or discharge of brown color;
  • Bleeding in women in menopause period, if monthly it was not until a few months or longer;
  • Difficulties of conception in women of childbearing age;
  • Spotting during or after intercourse;
  • Spotting not related to menstruation that can be caused by uterine bleeding.

Can cervical polyps be asymptomatic?

For this disease characterized by asymptomatic, therefore, to detect polyps of the uterus at an early stage only if they arise due to hormonal changes in the body, and made appropriate diagnosis.

In the following cases, the disease is asymptomatic:

  • Chronic infection of the genitourinary system. The formation grow slowly and have no symptoms. Polyps of small size is also difficult to detect, because the pathological signs appear only when the size reaches 1 cm;
  • The period of menopause. Since one of the symptoms of this condition is the menstrual cycle, in menopause to detect tumors without specific diagnosis difficult. On the background of hormonal changes during menopause increases the incidence of polyps in the uterus, this contributes to the lack of regular updates of the endometrium during menstruation;

  • Polyps fibrous type. Growths of connective tissue that contains no blood vessels, can cause uterine bleeding, so they often remain undiagnosed. In this case, education can reach large sizes and to grow for several years without causing inconvenience and pain to the woman.

Surgical removal of endometrial polyps that do not show up unpleasant symptoms, not necessarily. But the patient needs to undergo regular screening to prevent malignant degeneration of the tumor. Hormonal agents used in non-surgical treatment can stimulate growth and aggravate the disease.


What is the danger of polyps in the uterus?

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The danger of such formations in the uterus, in the first place is their possible malignancy or malignant degeneration. Even polyps, which long has been growing for years, showing no negative symptoms, at any time may turn into cancer.

What complications can occur in the absence of treatment of endometrial polyps:

  • Disruption of the normal flow of pregnancy. In addition to the difficulties of conception, which can occur if a large area of the endometrium occupied by the polyps, and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, which leads to rupture of the fallopian tubes and severe pathologies. In the later stages of pregnancy growth of the uterus may cause detachment of the placenta, leading to spontaneous abortion;
  • Uterine bleeding. With increasing size of the polyp there blood vessels. Such vessel wall are characterized by high permeability, which can cause intermittent bleeding. Blood loss is usually small, the blood accumulates in the uterus or small amounts added to the urine, bleeding begin and end spontaneously without any intervention. Sometimes detect uterine bleeding can only the symptoms of anemiathat occur due to the loss of hemoglobin. These signs include a General decline in immunity, pale skin, drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth. Bleeding that does not stop for a long time and require the intervention of a doctor, most likely caused by malignancy;

  • Difficulties of conception. A large number of such formations in the uterus or a polyp, which reaches a considerable size, is a mechanical obstacle to the attachment of the embryo to the walls of the endometrium. So conception can occur with labor;
  • Malignant degeneration of cells. Malignancy occurs most commonly in adenomatous polyps. According to statistics, this process occurs in 1.5% of cases. Malignant degeneration of cells leads to the destruction of healthy tissues, abundant blood loss and growth of tumors. Bleeding when a polyp malignancy can even lead to death of the patient. Therefore, when polyps of the uterus, even if they are asymptomatic, need to undergo regular diagnosis by a physician who klassificeret type of expansion and will prescribe a plan of treatment;
  • The occurrence of chronicthe source of infection. Normal on the mucous membrane of the uterus there are protective factors preventing the development of infection. Polyps are usually formed of connective tissue, which protective factors does not contain, and it is very vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria. As the polyp without treatment may reach large sizes, this increases the risk of chronic foci of infection in the uterus.

Diagnosis of a polyp in the uterus

For diagnosing growths in the uterus carried out a series of tests:

  • General and biochemical blood analysis. General blood analysis shows the number and shape of blood cells – red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells, which determine the quality of the blood and change under the influence of diseases. So, by reducing the number of red blood cells, you can talk about uterine bleeding, even if they are minor and invisible to the eye. The increase in the number of red blood cells – white blood cells – indicates the development of infection in the body, including urinary infection which is a risk factor for the formation of polyps. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection and reduce the risk of new polyps. Platelets help the blood clotting, so by reducing their number blood coagulates poorly, which contributes to bleeding;
  • The analysis of urine. Examines the state of the liver and kidneys when there is blood in the urine can be examined uterine bleeding. (see also: urine analysis, Nechiporenko);

  • Histology tissues of the polyp helps determine the type of expansion. The doctor does a biopsy takes a sample and follows its constituent cells, and then to categorize the neoplasm. If adenomatous polyp is diagnosed, it is recommended that surgical treatment to prevent the malignant degeneration of cells;
  • The bacteriological analysis. For it take the swab from the vagina and cervix and examine it for the presence of pathogens. The analysis helps to identify of chronic infection, which lead to the formation of polyps, this type of research more efficient than the counting of leukocytes. In conjunction with the bacteriological analysis of the antibiogram is carried out by determining the sensitivitypathogens to drugs;
  • The analysis on hormones. The concentration of certain hormones in the bloodstream depends on the state of the endometrium. If the detected polyps in the uterus, determine the cause, and she often lies in violations of hormonal background. To determine the hormonal status of the patient at different times of the menstrual cycle the blood was taken for analysis to determine the amount of estrogen, progesterone, androgens, gonadotropin-releasing hormone. During the hormonal imbalance your doctor may prescribe drugs for its correction, which helps to remove negative manifestations of endometrial polyps and to prevent tumors.

Methods of diagnosis of cervical polyps

This disease is diagnosed by instrumental methods including ultrasound, colposcopy, hysteroscopy, micrographia, CT and MRI. A thorough study of tumors is necessary in order to properly prescribe treatment and to draw conclusions about the need for surgery. It is not enough just to detect polyps of the uterus, it is necessary to classify polyps and to determine the risk of malignancy. Errors at the stage of diagnosis can lead to malignant process and various pathologies of the reproductive system.

So, to determine the presence of polyps in the uterine cavity using:

  • Ultrasound. Ultrasound is performed two ways – through the abdominal wall and transvaginally. The first method is used at the time of diagnosis of polyps in the cavity of the organ, and the introduction of a scanner into the vagina is necessary for the detection of polyps of the cervix. Ultrasound examination allows to diagnose the polyps in size from one centimeter, smaller tumors require special equipment. In addition to the presence of polyps and determination of their type, the ultrasound allows to make conclusions about the type of the growth rate of tumors and the likelihood of malignancy. So, polyps, ingrowing into the uterine wall, have a strong tendency to malignant degeneration;
  • Colposcopy. The study of the cervical canal with the aid of gynaecological mirror allows to determine the number of polyps, to explore the surface of a large cervical tumors. Large growths can appear in the vagina, but their Foundation was located in the cervical canal. Colposcopy allows a more detailed study of the structure of these polyps, but to draw conclusions about the cause of their occurrence is possible only after histological analysis.
  • Hysteroscopy. With hysteroscopy vagina impose a fiberscope – a long flexible tube located on the end of the camera, ifher way an obstacle occurs, diagnose the polyp. Growths of the cervix close the lumen of the cervical canal, therefore, to discover them simply. Study methods of the endometrium hysteroscopy allows to determine not only the presence of lesions and their number, but also the place of attachment of the legs, inflammation and the risk of malignancy. At the initial stage of malignant transformation of the surface of the formation is uneven, has small nodes;
  • Hysterography – less accurate method of investigation, into the uterine cavity and cervical canal contrast medium injected, then x-ray. The dark areas in the photo indicate the presence of polyps, but the technique cannot give information on the type and structure;

  • CT scan and MRI. These methods provide the most accurate data on the location of the polyp, the degree of ingrowth and malignancy of cells. Since these diagnostic procedures are expensive, they are usually prescribed in case of suspected cancer. Computer tomography allows to determine the presence of metastases and their distribution in organs that is necessary for the doctor to make effective treatment regimen.

Additional methods of diagnosis of endometrial polyps

Other diagnostic procedures include:

  1. Cytology. A special apparatus to collect the fluid from the uterine cavity (aspirate) and carry out the smear for the presence of pathologically degenerated cells. This method is not as accurate as a biopsy, so it is often used together with other methods of diagnosis.

  2. A biopsy of the tissue is one of the most accurate ways to determine the type, structure and causes of polyps, the study sampled during the biopsy material is carried out in the laboratory.

  3. Tests for hormonal status is a necessary procedure because in most cases the mechanism of disease development is started because of the violation of the hormonal balance. Based on these data, the doctor may prescribe an individual plan of medical treatment.


Treatment of cervical polyps

If diagnosed polypsmall probability of malignant transformation, instead of the removal of the doctor may recommend symptomatic treatment, which aims to eliminate the unpleasant manifestations.

Symptomatic treatment helps to prevent spotting and abdominal pain, which often inconvenience patients.

Pain relievers, which are used in this disease:

  • No-Spa;
  • Diclofenac;
  • Ibuprofen;
  • Naproxen.

They can't be used for a long period of time, not to provoke pathology of the digestive tract, such as peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease, as well as not to create unnecessary load on the liver. If the pain does not subside after taking pain meds you should immediately consult a doctor because it requires a surgical removal of a polyp. In the spread it can grow from 1 cmit can become the cause of severe pain and should be removed.

To prevent the development of infection, which can complicate the treatment process and contribute to the growth of polyps, it is necessary to observe genital hygiene. To prevent the propagation of pathogenic microorganisms and the entry of infection help rinse with a weak antiseptic solution of potassium permanganate, collargol and Catalina.

Is it possible to get rid of polyps of the uterus without surgery?

Drug treatment helps to prevent new growth and to remove the symptoms of already present tumors, but they do not affect the cause of pain.

To get rid of the disease without surgery is impossible, in the absence of surgical treatment can only slow their growth and prevent the occurrence of new polyps. To do this, use hormone replacement therapy that can help to correct the balance of estrogen and progesterone. Medication helps to solve the problem of infertility, bleeding and mucous discharge which is often observed in these formations in the uterus.

Painkillers – paracetamol, ibuprofen, drotaverine – used for the relief of pain due to mechanical pressure of a polyp, twisting his legs. But these drugs are not able to eliminate the cause of pain and can't take strong pain, therefore often requires surgical removal of endometrial polyps.

In addition, surgery is needed if increased risk of malignant transformation, as occurs with adenomatous polyps. In this case, medication may be used only for the prevention of relapses.


Removal of polyp in uterus

The removal of such education in the most modern medical establishments is made with one of the most common methods of hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy is a sparing surgery with simultaneous examination of the uterine cavity and endocervical curettage. Thanks to the capabilities of modern technology polypectomy and curettage is carried out quickly and without consequences, and the resulting hysteroscopy biological material undergoes histological analysis, thanks to which the treatment, therapists, adjusted and improved.

There are different tactics of getting rid of endometrial polyposis, depending on several factors in the development of the disease: its causes, concomitant diseases, hormonal regulation, the hallmarks of the endometrium, size of the polyp, the planned removal, the patient's age.

The studies derived the following General rules:

  • When polyps fibrous type, their removal was assigned ex officio;
  • Polyp glandular-fibrous type suggests that in the course of the disease there are hormonal changes. This does not affect the shape and purpose of the surgery but in the postoperative period will require hormone therapy to correct disorders of the endocrine glands;
  • Detection of adenomatous polyp which frequently occurs in women in menopausal state, is an indication for surgery to remove the uterus. Polyps that can cause cancer, most are guaranteed to be eliminated with the help of complex operations: hysterectomy, supravaginal amputation with associated revision of the ovaries, sometimes with appendages.

Hysteroscopy — removal of polyps

To produce a hysteroscopy at a high level can only experienced doctor, which is why you should not neglect the services of the medical institutions using the instrument on the basis of modern high technologies. This greatly increases the reliability of the surgeon, the professionalism of which will depend on the patient's health.

Hysteroscopy is used not only to eliminate the education, but also for associated studies of the uterine cavity, provoking a minimum of complications. Removal of polyp by this method is difficult to call the surgery as it takes place without interference (violations of the integrity of overlying tissues). However, careful and neat trimthe abnormal tissue with a special instrument through a natural orifice (in this case, the vagina and cervical canal) to avoid any serious consequences characteristic of abdominal operations.

The whole procedure is carefully monitored by the surgeon who controls the movement of the hysteroscope (a tube with a camera and a device for removal of a polyp at the end), inserted into the cervix. The video camera is examined the uterus, and the pathological tissue is withdrawn after the assessment of polyps according to parameters such as size, location, and quantity.

On the part of the patient to improve the working conditions of the surgeon and, as a consequence, the results of the operation should adhere to the starvation mode – this will help avoid postoperative nausea. Also, a hysteroscopy should be performed only after menstruation one of the first ten days of the cycle is the need for better visualization of the organ under investigation.

Find out more: Hysteroscopic removal of endometrial polyps


Office hysteroscopy

This method is a careful diagnosis, which is carried out with a hysteroscope without tools, thereby eliminating the need of anesthesia, i.e. there is not any injury. The technique enables the Clinician to examine the uterus with the subsequent choice of therapy together with the patient. Ministerele, in addition to polyposis, to diagnose fibroids, sinehii, endometrial hyperplasia and other diseases of the female genital organs.

Diagnostic curettage

Scraping is one of the oldest operations on the uterus, but even now you can find medical institutions where it is performed due to the lack of educated staff and technical support for hysteroscopy. Curettage may also be assigned in addition to hysteroscopy to obtain samples of the endometrium, which after histological analysis, we can say that the tissues of the abnormal cells that may cause relapse.

Even after a successful hysteroscopy 30% of the patients returned to the doctor for the treatment of recurrent polyp. This is due to the complexity of the treatment bed (laser, cryogenic coagulation), as well as the possible trauma of the operation itself. What can we say about the scraping, during which the surgeon had to blind to remove the tumor and his leg.

But in some cases such an operation due to urgent indications, such as severe uterine bleeding. Scraping helps prevent blood loss, arising on a background of endometrial hyperplasia. In this casethe bleeding usually appears suddenly and requires immediate assistance. Thus, in modern medicine, diagnostic curettage plays the role of surgery for maintaining hemostasis, and not the method of removal of polyps of the uterus.

Scraping is performed with a dilator of the cervix, which holds it in this position all the time while the surgeon operates with a special curette (a metal loop). This tool from the walls of the uterus and cervical canal soskablivanija excess of tissue with polyps that become samples for laboratory analysis.

Removal of polyps in the uterus with a laser

The most modern way of removing polyps from the uterine cervix – laser burning. Its advantage lies in the unprecedented accuracy of high-tech equipment, which allows us to reduce the trauma of surgery to get rid of polyps to almost zero. Sighting the destruction of abnormal tissue with a laser is fast and without scarring, and the possibility of fertilization, so important for women still planning to have children.

For women who went in for a routine surgery to remove polyps of any type, the burning laser would have seemed fantastic. In the modern medical centers with appropriate equipment, a complete cycle of treatment of cervical polyps (survey, analysis of results, preparation of program operation and, in fact, laser removal) can be done in just three hours! No hospital stay, breach of the disability or rehabilitation from injuries to the uterus and surrounding tissues.

It is obvious that laser removal of polyps is considered to be the most effective way of combating tumors in the cervix. Thanks to the layered control penetration laser doctor saved most of the surrounding polyp tissue, which significantly shortens the period of recovery, eliminate blood loss and scarring. Such a gentle treatment that allows women of reproductive age to fully rehabilitate himself and regain the ability to conceive after six months and sometimes earlier.

What are vaginal discharge after removal of endometrial polyps?

The postoperative period for patients consists of two routine gynecological examinations during the week followed by the appointment of rehabilitation procedures. Character replacement therapy depends on age, reasons for the development of the disease and its characteristic features.

Don't worry if after hysteroscopyfound:

  • Abdominal pain similar to pain of uterine contractions during menstruation;
  • Constant discharge for two to three weeks after surgery.

The above phenomena are recognized as normal and talking about the successful completion of treatment. The nature of the discharge after the removal of polyps, the doctor can judge whether the normal are in the process of healing. The allocation observed in most patients after surgery, their type depends on the shape and size of the polyps, their degree of vascularization, the presence or absence of an infection, and the method of removal.

Factors affecting the rate of postoperative discharge, and type:

  • Bacterial infection. If education has developed on the background of chronic infection, or infection occurred during the operation, the healing process takes longer and may be accompanied by purulent discharge from the vagina;
  • The method of removal. Cryosurgery and laser removal of polyp are considered to be less traumatic methods of surgical treatment than scraping or twisting of the leg, so the healing process after they occur faster, and the intensity of discharge is less;
  • The blood supply of tumors. Each anatomical education and on its degree of intensity of blood supply, has its own blood vessels. Type of vascularization of the tumor, the number of blood vessels and their size, determine the intensity of discharge after surgery. Fibrous education less vascularized than glandular-fibrous and adenomatous polyps, respectively, and the discharge after the removal of less;
  • The depth of ingrowth, its size and shape. The larger the polyp, the more it is vascularized. Polyps with large vessels on a thick stalk after surgical treatment of provoked bleeding from the vagina. In addition, if the stalk of a polyp grows quite deeply, then its removal may increase the risk of damage to blood vessels of the uterus, causing the process of healing and rehabilitation is slowed down.

In General, there is 4 types of secretions in the postoperative period:

  • Bloody. The allocation of clots of coagulated blood can occur when the blood enters the uterine cavity during surgery. Selection of fresh blood can last 1-2 days after the operation, during which was damaged blood vessels of the uterus;
  • Physiological selection. Normal postoperative selection lasts no more than two days or up to 2 weeks atcurettage, their volume reached 50 ml. They are transparent, can contain pus. After healing of the wound allocation disappear;

  • Purulent discharge can be observed during bacterial infection, where pathogens among the staphylococci, streptococci and other microorganisms. Discharge is yellow or greenish tint. In the absence of treatment the infection may cause purulent abscess with complications, including infertility;

  • Putrid selection can be a symptom of secondary infection. One of the postoperative complications – getting of clostridia in the uterus. These microorganisms can proliferate in the absence of air, cause frothy with an unpleasant odor.

What complications can occur after removal of endometrial polyps by surgery?

There are four most common method of surgical treatment of this disease:

  • Legs excision of a polyp methods of hysteroscopy – used to treat solitary tumors with a long stem;
  • Cryosurgery polyp – treatment of tumors with liquid nitrogen, after which tweezers it is separated from the healthy tissue;
  • Curettage – removal by a vacuum device or a surgical instrument of the mucosa of the uterus or cervical canal;
  • Burning laser is one of the most low-impact methods with the least risk of complications such as bleeding and infections.

Among the complications of surgical treatment of endometrial polyps secrete:

  • Perforation of the uterus – through hole in the body wall, which reported its cavity with the abdominal cavity that can lead to severe infectious and inflammatory processes. Perforation can happen during a blind curettage or during operation in areas with endometrial scarring and adhesions. An important consequence of the perforation can be inflammation of the pelvic peritoneum due to microorganisms trapped there from the cavity of the uterus. Treatment is with antibiotics and additional surgical intervention;
  • Hematometra – accumulation of blood in the uterine cavity, caused by a spasm in her neck, which hindered the evacuation process. This complication is very dangerous because the clot is a framework for the development of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause infection. For the treatment of used antispasmodics, relaxing the neckof the uterus and promotes blood naturally. If the spasmolytic drugs do not help, for the extraction of blood from the uterus using a probe;
  • Scarring and adhesions – if the internal mucosa of the uterus is severely damaged, it is often in the curettage, the connective tissue undergoes scarring. This disrupts the function of the endometrium on the surface of scars and adhesions can not attach the egg, resulting in infertility or ectopic pregnancy. The risk of this complication is reduced with the removal of uterine polyps with laser or cryotherapy methods;
  • Inflammation can be caused by getting an infection in the uterus, leading to serious consequences including infertility, impede the healing process. For treatment using antibiotics. To prevent this complication makes use of antiseptic during surgery, cauterization of the wound. Laser removal is considered the most secure because during it, the infection is unlikely due to the lack of direct contact of the tools with the lining of the uterus;
  • Malignancy – malignant degeneration of the tissue that starts the cancer process;
  • Relapse – the re-formation of polyps, caused by mechanical injury of the endometrium. In addition, it is impossible to ensure that no new polyps, even if the operation went without complications. To prevent their occurrence, it is recommended to undergo regular screening and to provide treatment of chronic diseases of the endocrine system, infectious and inflammatory processes.

What are the chances of recurrence of endometrial polyps?

In 10% of cases after removal uterine polyps tumors after some time appear again. This occurs because of improperly performed surgery, the individual characteristics of the organism or the malignant nature of education.

  • Incomplete removal of tissue from a polyp it can grow again in the same place. This happens after the surgery, performed poorly. Often new polyps in the uterus developing after unscrewing the legs of the old, if there are parts of tissues or cells of the neoplasm. Polyps occur again, unless you cauterize the wound.
  • Cause new polyps in the uterus are the other disease is fairly common cause of recurrence because these tumors rarely appear by themselves, their appearance contribute to hormonal disorders of the body. Among the reasonscausing the growth of new polyps, can be hormonal, it upsets the balance of estrogen and progesterone, thyroid disease, diabetes, urinary infections and chronic diseases of the reproductive system.
  • Genetic predisposition. The patient must often undergo preventive examinations, and all polyps detected at an early stage, it should be cauterized by laser surgery.
  • Postoperative stress alone can create the preconditions for the recurrence of the disease. Therefore, during the rehabilitation period it is important to ensure the patient rest, not to expose her emotional stress and hold a restorative treatment to boost the body's defenses.

To prevent the recurrence of endometrial polyps, the gynecologist usually prescribes antibiotics and progestin drugs to correct hormonal levels.


Rehabilitation treatment after removal of polyps in the uterus

After the surgery to remove such tumors methods hysteroscopy or laser surgery the risk of complications associated with traumatic tissue damage, and infectious processes is minimal.

But for preventive purposes, your doctor may prescribe antispasmodics, hormones and antibiotics:

  • Antispasmodics, which include no-Spa, take a day after surgery to remove the spasm of the cervix, which can cause the accumulation of blood in the cavity of the body;
  • Antibiotics are prescribed if the cause of polyps served as infectious processes of the urinary system, and also to prevent secondary infection. Antibiotics are necessary after surgery with increased risk of trauma (curettage, excision and loosening the legs of the polyp);
  • Hormonal drugs prescribed to patients whose tumors arose from the unstable hormones, with peaks and troughs of the level of sex hormones or with excessive production of estrogen. For these purposes, use progestin (a Monitor, the antiseptic) and hormonal contraceptives (yasmin, Regulon, Janine) – this helps to prevent the recurrence of fibrous polyps.

In order to maintain the immune system and stabilize the hormonal naturopaths can advise the infusion of upland uterus, celandine and other remedies based on medicinal plants. In addition, to strengthen the immune barrierbody prescribe vitamin complexes, in particular, are powerful antioxidants – vitamins A, C and E.


What not to do to the woman after surgery to remove polyps?

As mentioned earlier, from 14 to 20 days after hysteroscopy in the majority of patients observed of bleeding in small quantities. This speaks to the effectiveness of the healing process.

So as not to interfere with tissue regeneration, you need to follow a few rules:

  1. Not overheating your body, as it increases blood pressure and increases the risk of bleeding. Within a month after surgery should avoid hot tubs, baths, saunas, as well as any means to prevent hyperthermia;

  2. It is better not to take the drugs based on acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, Advil, Upsarin, Cardiprin, Tomapirin, etc.), as they impair blood clotting and contribute to bleeding;

  3. Prohibited physical stress, especially associated with heavy lifting. Any sports, dance, gymnastics and moving activities are also prohibited;

  4. Within a month of rehabilitation also prohibits physical and chemical interference in the reproductive system (sexual intercourse, douching, etc.);

  5. It is obvious, but some patients have to remind about the need for careful observance of personal hygiene, not only after surgery, but permanently.


Answers to common questions about uterine polyps

Do I need to remove polyps in the uterus?

Methods of modern medicine allow you to quickly and painlessly remove any and all tumors, but ultimately the choice remains with the patient. Removal definitely recommended if no medical treatment helps to get rid of the unpleasant symptoms, or if the polyps do not stop growing. Adenomatous polyps have a high potential of malignant transformation, therefore, also be deleted.

Can uterine polyps disappear on their own?

A polyp is a anatomical education of the overgrown connective tissue, which responds poorly to external stimuli. Therefore, to get rid of polyp non-surgical procedure is impossible, the hormone therapy only helps to stop its growth and prevent new growth. Itquite effective methods of treatment of small polyps with low risk of malignant transformation. However, if these tumors put pressure on the uterus, delivering pain and prevent pregnancy, they definitely need to remove.

Is it possible to get pregnant with a polyp in the uterus?

Pregnancy with polyp in the uterus is possible, but if the polyp is large (1-2 cm) or a lot of them in the uterus, the attachment of the embryo is hampered. If you cannot attach the egg to the endometrium increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy with all its complications.

Is it possible to give birth with a polyp in the uterus?

Pregnancy and childbirth can be difficult if the womb is such a neoplasm. Among the most frequent complications of pregnancy – placental abruption in the place of localization of polyps, uterine bleeding, impaired fetal development due to mechanical pressure exerted polyp. Complications: violation of elasticity of the walls of the uterus because of the enlargement, and deterioration of contractility of the uterus, the risk of mechanical damage of the polyp and blood loss result in uterine bleeding.

Can the growth of polyps in the uterus cause miscarriage?

Yes, the likelihood of miscarriage increases if uterine polyps are present. The main cause of miscarriage in this disease is placental abruption. Normally, the placenta attaches to the inner portions of the mucous membrane of the authority and implements the circulation and nutrition of the fetus through the mother's body. In areas of endothelial polyps and growths placenta attaches bad nutrition of the fetus is hindered and increases the risk of delamination. Other causes of miscarriage by endometrial polyposis: malignancy, starting with malignancy of the cells of the polyp, as well as developmental defects and disruption of pregnancy due to mechanical pressure on the fetus of major tumors.

Do polyps uterine infertility?

Small solitary polyps do not violate the reproductive function. The danger is multiple expansion, which occupy a large area of the inner surface of the uterus and interfere with the attachment of the egg. Infertility can cause large formations at the bottom of the uterus, because they block the fallopian tubes and prevent the penetration of the egg. In addition, even a small growth can block the cervical canal, making it difficult the penetration of the sperm into the uterus from the vagina and thus make conception impossible. Malignancy or degeneration of cells of the polyps into malignant cells also leads to reproductive disorders, and infertility.

When you can get pregnant after removal of a polyp in the uterus?

Removal of polyps is safe and quick operation, which in most cases takes place without complications, which makes possible a pregnancy in the first month after treatment. Obstacle to pregnancy after removal of polyps may be infected during surgery, the occurrence of adhesions and scarring in place of the deleted tumors, the instability of the hormonal and uterine bleeding, and recurrence of the disease.

Remove any polyps in the uterus without hospitalization?

Hospitalization in the removal of polyps takes about 1 to 3 days. If there are no complications and the pain, the patient may go home the evening of the same day the surgery was performed.

How much you need to lie down after removal of a polyp in the uterus?

Two hours after surgery unless there is pain and weakness, you can get out of bed and do daily chores.

When possible, sex after removal of a polyp in the uterus?

Sex after surgery can not earlier, than will finish the healing process. On average, this happens in six weeks. The woman should not be bloody or brown discharge not related to menstruation, anemia and weakness. If sex happens before the end of the rehabilitation period, high chance of minor wounds and infection.

Can a polyp come out with menstruation?

Polyps are very poorly amenable to nonsurgical treatment. Hormonal drugs can remove the symptoms and stop the growth of the polyp, but to reduce it in size, to separate from the uterine wall and lead from the body can not. Therefore, the stories that the polyps come out with my period after taking specific tool is deception with the goal of more profitable to sell the drug or the misconception, common among the illiterate in the gynecological field people.

Can a cervical polyp to transform into cancer?

This disease may give rise to the development of a malignant tumor. Transformation of polyp to cancer occurs in about 1.5% of cases.