An increased and a decreased creatinine in the blood

What is creatinine?

Creatinine is one of the metabolites of biochemical reactions of amino acid-protein metabolism in the body. The formation of this compound occurs continuously and is associated with metabolic processes in muscle tissue. Since the muscles constitute one of the main massifs of the human body, and reduction requires constant energy substrate, it should be put a powerful energy. This is necessary in order to provide emergency energy needs.

The main donor of ATP for muscle is creatine phosphate – fosfaurilirovanna essential amino acid creatine. After synthesis in the liver it gets into the muscles where it is its dephosphorylation of the enzyme CPK. The result of these processes is the formation energy, and creatinine. ATP consumed by the muscles on the repayment of the energy requirements, and the kidneys remove creatinine from the urine after filtration.

Creatinine, as the final product of the reactions of dissolution is not consumed in the body other metabolic processes. It is harmful to tissue connection, which as much as possible should be removed from the body. Violation creatininemia exchange can occur at the stages of its receipt, metabolism, and excretion!

The normal creatinine

All the creatinine can not be filtered by the kidneys and excretion. This is due to the fact that there is a constant release into the blood, while muscle tissue is viable. Blood plasma should contain relatively stable creatinine concentration, which can vary depending on age, peculiarities of muscle activity and diet. Therefore, there are maximum and minimum limit of normal creatinine that take into account all these points and talking about normal functioning of the organs.

To eliminate the error in the results of biochemical analysis of blood creatinine level be sure to adhere to the General rules of drawing blood. Research necessarily is conducted in the morning on an empty stomach. It is desirable to avoid strong muscle overload and overheating or hypothermia before the blood sampling.

For clarity, variations of ratios of creatinine and they are listed in the table:

Age and gender	Small children	Students	Men	Women
The normal creatinine in µmol/l	45-105	27-62	74-110	44-80

The normal creatinine in women

The creatinine concentration in plasma in women should be lower than that of men. This is due to the physiological mechanisms of its formation, distribution and circulation in the blood.

The mechanisms of this phenomenon are as follows:

• Muscle mass women are less than men;
• Less muscle stress;
• The activity of metabolic processes in the female body is reduced;
• Foods women's diet contain less exogenous creatinine, enters the body;
• The influence of sex hormones and pregnancy.

The normal creatinine for men

Creatinine of the male body almost always needs to be higher than women of the same age group. This is due to lifestyle differences in the functioning of organs and systems. Age-related characteristics also affect the process creatininemia exchange as in the direction of its increase and decrease. In recent years, many men visit the gym and to improve the efficiency of muscles used performance enhancing drugs, containing creatine. This must be taken into account when assessing the norms of creatinine.

The normal creatinine levels in children

The concentration of creatinine in plasma of the child largely depends on his age. Major fluctuations of this indicator are associated with the activity of growth and increasing muscle mass for a certain period of time. Newborns due to the high loads that their body had to experience during delivery are indicators of creatinine is the same as in adults. The same feature is typical for adolescents, due to active growth of the organism. Children of school age are growing relatively stable, so the performance of creatinine them a little lower than in adults.

Elevated creatinine

When assessing creatininemia exchange often have to deal with the increasing concentrations of this metabolite. It is very important to correctly interpret the figures obtained with the possibility of physiological and pathologicalimprove, age, and standards for the floor. A condition in which is recorded the increase in the concentration of creatinine in plasma, called gipercreatininemia.

Gipercreatininemia does not cause the body severe disabilities, because creatinine itself has low toxicity. Its harmful effects on tissues may occur in case of a sharp deviation from the norm of its concentration. This metabolite is mainly refers to the effects of various conditions and diseases, indicating their availability. Therefore, the isolated gipercreatininemia practically does not cause symptoms.

Usually it is combined with other pathological symptoms, which can push on the idea of the need for this study:

• Muscle pain;
• Fatigue and muscle weakness;

• Swelling;

• Increase or sharp decrease in the number of daily urine;
• Pathological changes in General urine analysis (protein, leukocytes, erythrocytes).

The pathogenesis of gipercreatininemia can be associated with any of the stages of the exchange and circulation of creatinine in the body. Influence-able diet, exercise regimen, amount of fluids, intake of drugs, the anatomical features of muscle tissue and its condition, functional abilities of the excretory system and liver.

Talking about the increased creatinine?

Increase in creatinine concentration during the biochemical study of blood may indicate:

1. Increased intake of creatinaemia substances from the environment with increased protein diet;

2. Excessive or very rapid gain in muscle mass;

3. High loads performed by the muscles;

4. The destruction of muscle tissue;

5. The redistribution of blood and disturbance of the water balance in the body;

6. The impaired renal function on the clearance and excretion of creatinine;

7. Toxic effects on the body;

8. Endocrine disorders, regulating metabolic processes in the body.

In some cases we have to deal with a relative increase in serum creatinine that occurs not because of excess production or delays in the body. It is associated with a decrease in volume of circulating plasma as a result of its redistribution, blood loss or dehydration. The relative gipercreatininemia combined withother signs of hemoconcentration and thickening of the blood, which helps in correct evaluation. It never reaches large values.

Increased creatinine can be physiological, occurring not because of diseases, and pathological. In the second case, the main cause of hypercreatininemia acts kidney failure with any types of kidney failure, in which the numbers of creatinine can rise several times. Physiological hyperketonemia can never be represented by a large deviation from the norm!

Causes of increased creatinine

Immediate causes of gipercreatininemia taking into account the severity increases in creatinine are presented in the table.

Pathological causes of creatinine		Physiological causes of creatinine
Reasonable gipercreatininemia	Severe hypercreatininemia
Kidney disease with 1-2 degree of renal failure; Toxic and inflammatory liver disease violation of its functions; Gangrene of extremities on the background of acute arterial occlusion; Burns and muscle damage; Thyrotoxicosis; Diabetes; Myasthenia gravis; Hyperadrenocorticism; Endogenous intoxication in infectious, suppurative and surgical diseases of the abdomen; Nephrotoxicity and side effects in patients receiving medicines; Rheumatoid arthritis; Dehydration on the background of diarrhea, vomiting or other reasons; Severe congestive heart failure; Pregnancy complicated by toxemia;	Renal disease with decompensated renal insufficiency; Progressive muscular dystrophy; Generalized autoimmunemyositis; Long crushing syndrome (crash); Reperfusion syndrome occurring after reconstructive operations on vessels of the limbs when they have ischemia; Severe thyrotoxicosis; Severe acute and chronic intoxications; Leptospirosis.	A severe muscle load. Excessive consumption of meat products and fish; The use of drugs for muscle growth based on creatine; Large volume and muscle mass; The period of active growth of children; Pregnancy and lactation; Senile age; Prolonged fasting or strict diet (cause muscle breakdown as a source of energy)

How to reduce creatinine in blood?

After a detailed examination and determine the cause of hypercreatininemia can be given to such recommendations:

1. Hospitalization in medical institutions, respectively, to the profile in case of detection of diseases. It can be a General therapeutic hospitals and specialized departments for the treatment of renal or other pathology;

2. administration of drugs for the normalization of protein metabolism and excretion of toxic products of protein metabolism (ketosterila, lespeflan, lespenefril);

3. Normalization of water exchange by choosing optimum for the specific case of the volumes of fluids taking into account the capacity of the kidneys. If gipercreatininemia due to physiological mechanisms, the increase in daily volume of clean water will decrease the concentration of creatinine and accelerate its excretion by the kidneys;

4. Normalization of food in qualitative and quantitative terms. Involves complete exclusion or restriction of the use of protein and salt, which contribute to nitrogen compounds or withhold fluid in the tissues. This, in addition to the absolute increase of creatinine, causes its relative increase due to hemoconcentration;

5. Correction lifestyle and physical activity. They should be aligned with the actual capabilities of the organism. If pathological reasons for the increasecreatinine is not identified and the only option for this condition are excessive exercise, they minimize;

6. Folk remedies (rice infusion and decoction, medicinal plants and charges);

7. Procedures of extracorporeal detoxication (hemodialysis and its analogues). The use of artificial kidneys, it is advisable only when severe types of gipercreatininemia due to decompensated renal disease or intoxication.

In any case, you can't even try to cope with the increased level of creatinine in the blood. This symptom may be a small peak of iceberg of disease. Any corrective and therapeutic measures should be monitored by a specialist!

Diet for high creatinine

One of the most important measures to reduce the creatinine level is considered to be diet. Its General characteristics are to limit consumption of protein, salt and potassium, enrichment of the diet with antioxidants and cleanses the body.

Excludes:

• Fatty varieties of meat animals and poultry (pork, duck, goose);
• Fatty fish;
• Whole milk;
• Spicy meals and spices;
• Coffee and strong tea;
• Dishes from unleavened dough;
• Fried foods and cured meats.

Limited to:

• Dietary sorts of meat (chicken, rabbit, Turkey, young beef). You can enter meat days twice a week when they are in small number, are included in meals;
• Eggs to 2-3 per week;
• Fish. Organized fishing days by analogy with meat;
• The salt and sugar. In marked increase of creatinine, they are generally excluded;
• Recommended:
• Fresh or boiled vegetables and fruit in any quantity;
• Berries, fruit drinks and compotes on their basis;
• Nuts and dried fruits. They limit or completely eliminate only in renal failure when potassium level is dramatically increased;
• Dairy products (yogurt, kefir, fermented baked milk);
• Cheese and cottage cheese;
• Butter and vegetable oil;
• Cereals based on them. Particularly useful in this respect rice;
• Bread from wheat flour with added bran and pastaproducts;
• Honey;
• Mineral and doochischennaya plain water at least one liter a day. Water load is minimized only when kidney failure.
• Allowed meals:

• Boiled;

• Steamed;
• Stew;
• In the form of soup, puree, cream soup, salad, jelly, cereal, casseroles, meatballs, meatballs;

Creatinine is lowered

A condition in which is recorded the decrease in plasma creatinine levels, are extremely rare. Their appearance says about the violation of metabolic processes, accompanied by deep disorders of protein metabolism in the body in General, or in isolation in muscle tissue. If gipercreatininemia mainly depends on the functional ability of the kidneys, in the case of hypocreaceae (decrease in serum creatinine) their condition is not important. Therefore, the primary mechanism should be such a depletion of energy reserves in the body, to redeem them used protein resources, which is most in the muscles. The decrease in reserves of creatine phosphate naturally leads to the decrease in the concentration of its metabolites in the blood, which is creatinine.

Causes of low creatinine

The direct causes of hypocreaceae can be:

• Cachexia on the background of chronic diseases and fasting;
• The depletion of the body with vegetarian diet or hard diet;
• Mass loss due to the inconsistency of physical activity the diet;
• Muscular dystrophy against the background of their diseases;
• Atrophy of large muscle masses in their disability;
• Treatment with glucocorticoids;
• The first trimester of pregnancy.

The decrease in the level of blood creatinine is not a diagnostic criterion of any pathology. This is a trait that is an absolute pattern in typical cases, does not require special treatment!