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Anaphylactic shock in children

Anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis) is a painful condition. It is accompanied by a sharp increase in the sensitivity of the organism. Sensations occur with repeated administration of the substance-allergen. These include any kind of proteins of a foreign nature. In addition, to cause anaphylactic shock can:

  • Drugs.
  • Insect bites.

Etc., Anaphylactic shock life-threatening adults and children. He refers to the most severe manifestations of allergic reactions.

To symptoms become critical, requires very little time – from several seconds, but no more than 2 hours. No matter how the allergen is in contact with the patient. The more – the worse the condition of the patient.

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Causes of anaphylactic shock in children

  • The use of certain drugs.
  • Contact with radiopaque substances.
  • Methods of allergic diagnosis.
  • Antibiotics (especially penicillin).

  • Food allergies.

  • Insect bites.
  • The use of gamma globulin, a number of vaccines, serums.

There are quite rare cases – for example, when the body thus reacts to the cold. It is very difficult to identify the exact allergen, especially if it's the medication and the patient takes them in the unit quantity.

In children these symptoms often cause some vaccines, serums. Typically, the shock evident in secondary contact with the allergen. Often in children whose mothers during pregnancy and lactation breast milk used dangerous drug in anaphylactic shock is evident from the first contact with the drug. Method of administration and dose not important for sensitized (allergizirujushchego) patients.

Anaphylactic shock due to ingestion of food products is quite rare. Often among children is a milk intolerance (sensitization to beta-lactoglobulin), fish dishes, href="http://vsebolezni.com/treatment/allergiya_deti.php#yaica".


The children's symptoms of anaphylactic shock

The symptoms of anaphylactic shock in children are associated with the development of this disease. First, the allergen enters the body. On skin contact, you experience itching, swelling etc. If the disease developed because of the product, then starts the relevant symptoms. It is possible to identify some manifestations of the disease:

  • Signs of anxiety and fear.
  • Headache pulsating nature.

  • Dizziness.

  • Numbness of the lips and face muscles.
  • Noise in the ears.

  • Cold sweat.
  • Violation of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Angioedema.

  • Urticaria.

  • Attacks of shortness of breath.
  • Bronchial spasm.
  • Tightness in the chest.
  • Nausea.
  • Pain in the abdomen.
  • Vomiting.

  • Convulsions.

  • Frothing at the mouth.
  • Low blood pressure.

  • Uncontrolled urination.
  • Bloody education oozing from the vagina (in adults).
  • The pulse becomes thready.
  • Loss of consciousness.

If there is a last symptom is that there is a risk of death. You should immediately provide first aid and bring patient to life. Of asphyxiation death occurs within 5 to 30 minutes. Vital organs decompose in 24-48 hours. That – irreversible changes that should be immediately prevented. There are cases where death ensues as a consequence of changes in the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), which requires more time to pathology. Also after a long period of time can be examined fracture:

In most cases, two-phase shock flows. First observedsome improvement in health, and then abruptly lowered blood pressure. Patients who have suffered such a shock, at least 12 days spend in the hospital.

There are situations when children can notice certain manifestations of the disease. They are observed immediately after contact with an allergen (hives, itching, dizziness, etc.) They are called symptoms of "anxiety".

What to do in case of anaphylactic shock in a child?

Immediately need to call an Ambulance This is done at the first symptoms. This is especially important when You know in advance about atypical reactions to the allergen. In such a case, the Manager of "Emergency" warning that he needs to send the call to a specialized team.

A detailed article on the topic of first aid in anaphylactic shock

When the allergen is known, the patient should be isolated from it, to carry out prevention: ventilate the area, or to treat the wound, depending on its nature. If the bite is on it is applied a tourniquet, something cooling. The patient should take a horizontal position.

You need to give the child a dose of antihistamine drugs, following the instructions. To give him any antihistamines (tavegil, suprastin, claritin). If You do not know what kind of medication are usually given to the child, give what is available.

Tavegil (syrup) for children 1-3 years do not give more than 2-2,5 ml. twice a day. Patients from 3 to 6 do not give more than 5 ml, and those aged 6 - 12 years 5-10 ml. is required Also ages 6 to 12 years can be given tablets for one half twice a day, adolescents and adults are at a tablet.

Suprastin those who turned from 1 to 12 months. give 5 mg (0.25 ml), aged 2-6 years the dose is increased to 10 mg (0.5 ml), and patients 7 to 14 years, 10-20 mg (0.5–1 ml). The size of the daily dose should not exceed 2 mg/kg.

Next, you will observe the child. Definitely need to regularly measure the parameters of pulse and pressure, frequency and rhythm of breathing.

Need to remember the exact time of the onset of anaphylactic shock and report it to the doctor. It is necessary to say, when did the appearance of a violation of the state and to mention the names of the drugs given to the patient prior to arrival of the specialist.


How to treat anaphylactic shock in children?

When the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock the child urgently needs an injection of adrenaline. This will help to relieve Allergy symptoms. Usually patients suffering from such attacks, are well aware of the problem. Rarely the child can independently use the necessary medicine.

In the case that the reaction occurs first, you want immediately call the "Ambulance". Before their arrival it is necessary to achieve the airway. It is necessary to eliminate from the oral cavity mucus and vomit, to prevent the tongue. If the person is conscious, you cannot show him your concern. The tone should be smooth. If there are aerosol-inhaler – you must apply it. It relieves bronchial asthma, this will also help pill korticosteroidnami hormone (prednisone, dexamethasone). This will help to ease the symptoms of shock, and therefore – wait for arrival of doctors.

The baby from a lying down with raised legs. Then the liquid of the heart pump will not flow out. Whenever possible apply the mask oxygen therapy two to four liters per minute period.

The adrenaline in intramuscular or subcutaneous form is the first step in emergency treatment. Depending on the terms of the provision of care, use different forms of the drug – the standard injections in ampoules, intravenous, etc. After the hospital treatment, it is necessary to exclude the risk of contact with allergens.