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Causes, symptoms and treatment of cysts of the right and left kidneys

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Cyst of kidney is a urological disease that is characterized by the formation of cavitary structures surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue filled with liquid. Has the form of a circle or oval, formed often on one side, rarely on both. This disease is equally common among representatives of both male and female, but are more common in people over forty years. It is mostly benign and is the most common type of renal tumors (sometimes identified in approximately 70% of patients). The growth of education can reach more than 10 inches.

There is an increased risk of developing of cysts of the kidney in the presence of the following factors:

  • Older age of the patient (old, senile);
  • Hypertension, vegetative-vascular dystonia;
  • Kidney injury;
  • Tuberculosis;
  • Surgery on the kidneys or other organs of the urinary system;
  • Kidney stones;
  • Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.

If the patient has cysts in only the left or only the right kidney, we are talking about a single education. If one kidney multiple cysts, talking about multikilogram defeat. In case, if education is located on both sides at once, we are talking about polycystic.


Signs and symptoms of renal cyst

Symptoms of the presence of cystic masses in the kidney are not clear. The patient may not feel any discomfort or specific signs. Long period of the disease are asymptomatic, and the cyst is discovered accidentally during an ultrasound.

The person experiences a certain discomfort only when the cyst begins to grow to the extent that it presses on nearby organs and tissues. At the same time often experience the following symptoms:

  1. Pain in the lower back that are worse after lifting or at sudden movements;

  2. Renal hypertension (the increase in the "lower" pressure);

  3. the Presence of blood in the urine;

  4. Violation of blood circulation in the affected kidney;

  5. Violated the outflow of urine from the diseased kidney;

  6. Dull pain in urethra, bladder;

  7. The increase in the kidneys.

If the patient's immune system is weak, can join an infection and to provoke an inflammatory process. In this case, the patient will feel all signs of infections of the kidney (pyelonephritis): General weakness, painful and frequent urination, constant aching girdle pains, fever. Besides, the study of urine in it detected by elevated white blood cell count, can also be identified cylinders and erythrocytes.

In the absence of timely adequate treatment the patient may develop chronic renal failure. This pathology is evident polyuria (frequent urge to empty the bladder), weakness, thirst, high blood pressure. If the size of the cyst is quite large, it can compress not only the renal pelvis and ureter, but important vessels. This, in turn, may eventually lead to ischemia and atrophy of the affected organ.


The causes of renal cyst

Despite the fact that the cyst of right and left kidney is not uncommon, the causes of this pathology are still not fully understood by scientists and doctors. Often it is congenital education, but they can be formed after birth.

It is considered that there are cysts of the kidneys due to hereditary, traumatic or infectious factors. But the complexity of the reliable revealing of the reasons is compounded by the fact that the disease, as has been said, occurs without specific symptoms.

The process of formation of cysts occurs in connection with the development of renal tubules, losing connection with other such structures, when filled with fluid and increase in size to a couple millimeters. Developing such formation because of the enhanced growth of epithelial cells which lines the inside of the renal tubules.

Types of renal cyst

Klassificeret cysts of the kidney in several different ways. So, in origin they are:

  • Congenital;
  • Purchased.

On character of a lesion of the body:

  • Multiple;
  • Single

The quality of the liquid inside education:

  • Hemorrhagic (liquid mixed with blood);
  • Serous;
  • Purulent (develop as a result of the accession of inflammation due to infection).

Also distinguish between simple and complex cysts. Simple renal cyst is a spherical cavity filled with a transparent liquid. This type of cysts the most common, and they are the safest as the risk of degeneration into cancer education is extremely low. This pathology occurs more often asymptomatic. Same complex cysts differ from simple fact that they present multiple cameras, segments, and the contours of their surfaces rough. In the case when in the cavity of a cyst is thickened septum increases the risk of oncogenesis. Besides, they are not rarely found calcified deposits. Still a certain part of a complex cyst may krovosnabjaemah. And as the vessels usually entwine a cancerous tumor, it once again speaks about a possible rebirth of complex cyst in kidney cancer.

Besides, there are cysts, depending on their structure:

  • sinus cysts of the kidneys;
  • parenchymal cyst of kidney;
  • solitary cyst of kidney.

Next, let us consider each of these types.

Sinus cysts of the kidneys, which is also called parapelvical apply to simple cysts. Such formations are located at the gates of the renal sinus (whence its name) or the kidneys. Is formed such pathological bladder as a result of increasing gleams of lymphatic vessels that cross the kidney in place near the pelvis, but not adjacent to it. Are a cavity filled with clear yellowish fluid, sometimes with blood. Why are formed the sinus cyst is not completely clear. This pathology occurs most often in women older than 50 years.

Sinus cyst of the kidney provokes the symptom of pain in the patient, as well as violations of urination, and the very urine may be red due to the presence in it of blood. The patient often suffers from high blood pressure.

Parenchymal cyst in kidney – is often congenital, rarely acquired. And if the person was born with that form in the kidney, then it can disappear, dissolve. This formation, the camera is located directly in the kidney parenchyma, which appeared the name of this cyst. Often the chamber is serous fluid in composition, and resembles blood plasma. Sometimes, however, there are parenchymal cysts filled with hemorrhagic content (with blood). This pathology of the cyst can also be isolated, multicystosis and polycystic.

Congenital parenchymal cysts most often arise in connection with those or other infringements in the first and second trimesterpregnancy (embryogenesis), when there is the formation and laying of all organs, including the kidneys. Moreover, these congenital abnormalities are accompanied by some other diseases of the genitourinary system. Another reason for the development of parenchymal cysts (congenital) genetic, intrauterine dysplasia of the renal parenchyma.

Acquired parenchymal cysts are more common in men older than 50 years. Can develop in connection with the obstruction (blockage) of the tubules in the nephrons of micropolyphony, salts of urea or connective tissue. In 2/3 of cases parenchymal cyst no symptoms not manifest itself.

Solitary cyst of the kidney is one of the options for simple cysts with a rounded shape. This entity is not associated with a collector (outputting) the organ system that has no inclusions, partitions. Is this cyst in the parenchyma (cortical layer) of the kidney, usually in one kidney. But there are also solitary cyst located in medullary layer of the body, which can have hemorrhagic or purulent content in the middle (in the case of injury of the kidneys).


Treatment of renal cyst

Before assigning a particular type of treatment, the doctor for suspected renal cyst, refers the patient to the passage of a comprehensive examination. The diagnosis is based on complaints of the patient. Polycystic disease is determined by palpation, as in this case, increase the size of the kidneys, and they have a bumpy structure. When conducting laboratory studies of the blood revealed anemia and a decrease in functional proteins, increased creatinine and urea. In the urine are detected, as has been said, leukocytes, erythrocytes, decreased specific gravity of urine as a consequence of renal failure.

A major and indispensable method of determining the cysts in the kidney to date is ultrasound. This method makes it possible to identify the localization of entities, their size, number and relationship with adjacent organs. If necessary the differential diagnosis with renal tumors, may also be proposed a method of contrast radiography (angiography, excretory urography). The cyst in this case manifests itself as a formation that does not contain blood vessels. One of the modern methods that can be applied is computed tomography (CT).

Only a qualified urologist with full knowledge of the case could explain the patient, what is the danger of cystic masses in the kidneys. But, in General, the main risk that is fraught with this pathology, isthe possibility of other diseases.

Conservative medical treatment of renal cyst quite limited in their capabilities, but this way you can adjust the General condition of the patient without removing the cyst itself. Most often, symptomatic treatment, which involves taking medications that reduce blood pressure, relieves pain in the lumbar region, relieving inflammation and normalizerbase the normal flow of urine. In case of bacterial infection the patient is prescribed antibiotics.

In the absence of necessary treatment, renal cyst can trigger serious complications – abscess, rupture of the capsule, hemorrhage. In this case, it is necessary to conduct emergency operations. In the case that the diameter of the education is not more than 5cm and it does not cause disorders of urine outflow and circulation, such a cyst just watching. Elective surgery offer in these cases:

  • The age of the patient young or middle;
  • The cyst causes severe pain;
  • The size of the cyst is large, it compresses the neighboring organs;
  • The patient has hypertension;
  • There is renal bleeding;
  • The cyst leads to violation of the outflow of urine;
  • There is a risk of rupture of the membranes of the cysts;
  • Education infected with bacteria;
  • The cyst is a cancerous tumor.

When not complicated cyst may be its drainage. The procedure is performed under control of the ultrasonic device. The cyst, the needle is injected, through which is pumped liquid. Then it introduces the sclerosing substance through which its walls are glued together. The downside of this type of surgery is the fact that there is a risk of hitting the cyst contents in the kidney tissue, which may cause infection and sepsis. In some cases, when renal cyst is particularly large size, severe tissue death or oncological nature, the patient can be shown the nephrectomy (kidney removal).

Contraindications to surgery for cyst removal:

  • The patient does not feel discomfort due to the presence of cysts in the kidney;
  • Does not violate the outflow of urine from the cysts;
  • Clotting of the blood and diseases of the blood system;
  • Severe comorbidities of the patient.

Generally there are several types of surgery, which isused for the treatment of renal cysts:

  • Biopsy of the cyst;
  • Anucleate (husking) the cysts;
  • Nephrectomy (removal of the education portion of the renal tissue, with preservation of the body);
  • Resection of the cysts;
  • Nephrectomy (full kidney removal).

Surgery about to remove a cyst of the kidney – the same dangerous event, like any other type of operations. When any of these types of possible complications associated with damage of kidney's cavitary system, blood vessels of the body, etc. Among them the most common are:

  • Urinary streaks;
  • The accession of infection;
  • Bleeding;
  • The discrepancy between the joints.

In General, treatment of cysts is a rather complex and lengthy process.


Laparoscopy (removal of cysts of kidney)

Cyst removal of the left and right kidney via a laparoscopic surgery is a minimal invasive, modern way by which abnormal formations are removed completely.

If the cyst is located in renal parenchyma, and there is a high risk of damaging the manifold system of the body, the patient will be mandatory alerted to the fact that during the operation, may be made the decision to expand the surgical field. May need nephrectomy, husking cysts or altogether removal of the organ, nephrectomy.

The technique of laparoscopic operation consists in entering into the operated field gas substances, with the aim of expanding this very field and making space for the manipulation. Then there is introduced laparoscope (or endoscope) through punctures-cuts, which most often three.

After the introduction in the retroperitoneal space and trocar removal cystic formation, are extracted, and the incision sutured. To where has been removed the cyst, down to the special drainage tube. Besides, if there is the slightest assumption about the violation of the outflow of urine in the postoperative period, in the ureter enter a stand to restore the normal function of the urinary system.

In addition to removing the cyst kidney it is possible to conduct laparoscopic partial nephrectomy – removal of the pathology together with some amount of organ tissue. The kidney is preserved. Indications to carrying out of such interventions are the size of the formation up to 3 cm with extrahepatic portion (outside the tissues of the kidney). A contraindication is considered to be a serious condition of the patient and the additional diseases in which there is a risk of complications during surgery, and bleeding disorders.

After conductinglaparoscopic surgery to remove cysts the kidneys, the patient receives treatment with antibiotics and analgesics. If necessary, can additionally be assigned to anti-inflammatory medication. The sutures are removed 7-8 days after surgery. To prevent the development of postoperative complications (paresis of the intestine, pneumonia, etc.) of the patient is recommended early activation and breathing exercises.


Diet for cyst of the kidney

In this disease the kidneys, the cyst, in addition to traditional drug treatments and surgical intervention, the patient is also shown a special diet. It involves the basic principles of nutrition, including:

  1. Restriction of salt consumed. This principle is suitable for those patients in whom a cyst of one or both kidneys provokes the malfunction of the organ, leading thus to its failure. What such patients need to reduce or completely withdraw from eating salty food. If renal failure does not threaten to the patient, he didn't have to give this seasoning.

  2. Control of drinking liquid. To limit the amount of fluids necessary for those patients who have cysts in the kidney is accompanied by peripheral edema, symptoms of heart failure (swelling in the legs, shortness of breath), high blood pressure. If the tumor in the kidney is not backed by similar symptoms, limit the drinking of water and other fluids should not be.

  3. The rejection of "forbidden" food. In addition to the special water regime and limit alcohol salt, for patients who are diagnosed with a cyst of the left or right kidney must be excluded from the diet of many products. These include: spicy food (the spice Chile, for example), roasted and salted, any alcoholic beverages and especially beer. You also need to give up chocolate, seafood, coffee and other dishes that can irritate. Moreover, negatively affects kidney disease Smoking, both active and passive.

  4. The restriction of the use of protein foods. Patients suffering from kidney disease, aware of the damage of protein for their body. If the food in the patient's body receives a lot of this substance, in large quantity will be allocated to the products of metabolism of nitrogen: "guanidine" creatinine, uric acid, guanidine and / -succinic acid, polyamine, metilguanin. These products are especially toxic, so the patient, who discovered a cyst right andthe left kidney should be carefully limit the amount of protein used to facilitate the functioning of the organs. Thus, the reduced release of toxins, which is especially important in the later stages of kidney failure.

Following a special diet at the diseases of organs of the urinary tract, including the presence of cysts in kidney is one of the important components in the treatment of these pathologies. This does not mean that one only a diet can cure these diseases. Therefore, systematically by eating a healthy diet, the patient is required to follow all recommendations of the doctor to control the disease.