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Causes and symptoms of cysts of the left and right ovary in women

Definition of the disease

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Ovarian cyst in women is a fluid-filled protrusion formed on the surface of one or both ovaries women in most cases from the follicle. Anatomically, the cyst looks like a thin-walled cavity in the form of a pouch. The size of this formation ranges from a few up to 15-20 centimeters in diameter.

In 90% of cases the cyst is functional or follicular. The reason for its occurrence is the "overripeness" of the follicle, which develops a female reproductive cell. The fact is that each menstrual cycle one of the two ovaries in norm produces one egg, which, having ripened, should emerge from the follicle to the fallopian tube, ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteumthat produces the hormone progesterone. This is the essence of ovulation.

A cyst is formed when the follicle does not rupture, and is filled with fluid and remains in the ovary. Sometimes its size begins to create a nuisance, obscuring the exit to the fallopian tube and causing discomfort. But most often follicular cyst resolves during the next period, without leaving any visible traces.

Functional cysts may also be provoked by the extension of the yellow body. It has the same principles of education, and is called the cyst of yellow body.

Another kind of functional cyst is hemorrhagic cyst where the follicle or yellow body broken blood vessels and hemorrhage occurs, accompanied by pain sensations.

There are also dizontogeneticheskie cysts resulting from disorders of growth and development of the ovaries in puberty and cyst-tumor, which gives rise to cancer of the ovaries.


Signs and symptoms of ovarian cysts in women

Usually, an ovarian cyst doesn't and decreases to complete disappearance over several monthly cycles. You can detect it with ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Sometimes the appearance of the cyst is marked by one or more of the following symptoms:

  • abdominal pain, sometimes very strong andsharp;
  • heaviness, pressure in the pelvis;
  • lingering pain during menstruation;
  • irregular monthly cycle;
  • nausea, vomit urge after intense exercise or sexual intercourse;

  • pressure during emptying of the bladder or rectum;
  • pain in the vagina, accompanied by blood discharge.

There are signs that accompanied with the above symptoms suggest that it is time to call the doctor:

  • temperature over 38 degrees;
  • weakness and dizziness;

  • profuse discharge during menstruation;
  • the increase in the volume of the stomach;
  • the growth of facial hair in male pattern;
  • intense thirst with copious urination;
  • abnormal blood pressure;

  • uncontrolled weight loss;
  • palpable lump in the abdomen;


Tests ovarian cyst

For diagnostics of this pathology use:

1. CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

2. Transvaginal ultrasound examination.

3. Laparoscopy, with associated cyst removal upon detection.

4. Analysis of the hormones LH and FSH, estrogen and testosterone.

5. Douglas puncture pocket (posterior fornix of the vagina) if you suspect internal bleeding due to rupture of the cyst.

6. Analysis of CA-125 tumor marker to exclude ovarian cancer.

7. Also required are tests for pregnancy, not only because the treatment of pregnant and non-pregnant differs, and to rule out ectopic pregnancy, whose symptoms are similar to symptoms of ovarian cysts.


Causes of ovarian cysts in women

Unfortunately, the physiological mechanisms of the emergence of ovarian cysts are not yet fully understood. Most doctors tend to believe that pathology occurs when hormonal failure, inflammation and apoptosis (programmed cell death).

According to statistics, the formation of ovarian cysts occur in 7% of adult women, including after menopause. The appearance of this pathology associated with the menstrual cycle and does not depend on the age and health of the woman, so it is logical that after menopause ovarian cyst is a very rarephenomenon. However, the impact of the cysts on a woman's body nature is different and depends on many factors. For example, cysts that appear due to intake of drugs that stimulate the ovaries, despite the large number, run for a few menstrual cycles without consequences.

In the case when the cyst is reinforced by the risk factors: stress, genital infections, abortions, obesity, Smoking, early menarche, late menopause, and the possible the consequences, such as neoplastic processes, reduction in fertility up to infertility, miscarriage.

Therefore, we can conclude that the risk of cysts is increased due to:

  • irregular menstrual cycles;
  • the emergence of early menstruation (at age 11 years earlier)
  • hormonal disorders (e.g. hypothyroidism);
  • the appearance of cysts in the past
  • the treatment of breast cancer with the drug tamoxifen;
  • operations on organs of the reproductive system;
  • Smoking;
  • obesity;

  • infertility.

About the causes of the cysts will tell you Professor, doctor of medical Sciences Ter-Hovakimyan Armen Eduardovich:


Can you get pregnant with the ovarian cyst?

In General, fertility is not disturbed because of the appearance of functional ovarian cysts. Moreover, pregnancy contributes to the rapid disappearance of the pathology. In fact, during pregnancy a cyst is an extremely rare, since at this time, usually, do not form follicles.

If the cyst is in the ovary, and you want to get pregnant, you need to consider many factors. In General, as mentioned above, an ovarian cyst is often a consequence of stopping the process of ovulation. The follicle became a cyst, not "produces" the egg in the fallopian tube, ovary overloading and not allowing others to develop normally, the new follicles. Therefore, if you encounter a failed conception, screening for the presence of cysts can determine their cause. Normal this cyst regresses two or three of the menstrual cycle, and pregnancy becomes feasible.

However, it should always be seen by a doctor. If women in reproductive age found:

  • a cyst larger than 8 inches in diameter;
  • the absence of signs of regression of the cysts;
  • elevated levels of tumor marker CA-125,

- there shall be a laparoscopy, the cyst is removed and sent for histological analysis.

Before laparoscopy is mandatory gastroscopy, abdominal ultrasound, colonoscopy for the differentiation of the ovarian cyst from other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and other abdominal organs.

But back to the normal situation, when the pregnancy occurs on the background of ovarian cyst (note that luteum cyst during pregnancy is the physiological norm, so that everything below not related to this species). Patients in this condition (usually, this happens without pregnancy planning and pre-survey) shows that approximately 4% needed urgent surgical intervention. The problem is that twisting the legs of the cyst and ruptured ovarian cyst due to pressure and fetal growth. To avoid such cases, it is necessary to undergo examination by a gynecologist before you get pregnant.

The cyst and the right ovary in women

In addition to the reasons described in the section "causes of ovarian cysts", the ovarian cyst is often a consequence of colitis (inflammation in the sigmoid and descending small intestine). As the ovaries and intestines are close in the abdominal cavity, between them there is a histological relationship, and the distribution of different pathologies in both directions. It must be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian cysts.

The right ovarian cyst appears for the same reasons as in the left. In the case of the right ovary, besides the already described reasons, the cyst appears after appendectomy for the same reason, surgical intervention in the area of its location.


Ruptured ovarian cyst

Symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst, as described above, adversely affect the health of women and provoke the loss of function. These include:

  • fever that is not "straying" ordinary antipyretic;
  • acute pain in the abdomen;
  • nausea, provoking vomiting;
  • bleeding from mucous secretions from the uterus;
  • headaches, dizziness, loss of consciousness;

  • anemia (pale skin);
  • the pressure decrease.

These symptoms by themselves, even without knowledge about the ovarian cyst, cause feelings andshould cause a trip to the doctor, if not call an ambulance.

The consequences of rupture of ovarian cyst during and after the symptoms are not forced to wait. The liquid that is inside the cyst and should be removed by the filter system during regression of the disease, enters the abdominal cavity. In addition to discomfort and pain there is a real danger of the inflammation (peritonitis), which can threaten the health and lives of women. It is therefore necessary to consult a doctor when the first symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst.

To prevent rupture of the cyst regularly be surveyed at the gynecologist, and when the cysts take medical advice. The specialist will tell when the cyst is not dangerous and should wait until the beginning of the regression, or to appoint a laparoscopy to preserve the woman's health. Modern methods of cyst removal is quite effective and simple to not be afraid of this operation.

Those women who refused to regular surveys, sometimes get on the surgical table at a critical time, when the cyst progresses to the point that you have to remove the ovary. Health care is entirely dependent on the person, so a visit to the gynecologist is a personal matter, but such cases make us think of women planning to conceive a child.


Laparoscopy (surgery to remove ovarian cysts in women)

Laparoscopy is a modern method of surgery, the surgery is performed through a hole of 0.5-1.5 cm, Operation is done using a laparoscope (telescopic tube with a video camera and cold light). During surgery, the operating cavity can fill with carbon dioxide. The utilization of laparoscopy is broad, ranging from cholecystectomy before surgery on the colon and rectum.

The effects of removal of ovarian cysts are limited to two weeks of rehabilitation to a healthy state and restore physical activity. Problems can occur with anesthesia, as each may be a nonspecific reaction to an anesthetic drug, so before the operation, it is desirable to make tests to determine the optimal anesthetic.

The most harmful, but rare after laparoscopic surgery are adhesions. Without the necessary observations adhesions developing unchecked, can lead to a number of diseases of the genital organs, and even infertility. This is a fairly common problem after any operation, and it encourages you to perform all the instructions of doctors and undergo medical treatment during rehabilitation.

Sexand sports after laparoscopy ovarian cyst is considered unacceptable loads. In relation to sex and sports time complete abstinence lasts one month. When you restore training course, you should start with the lowest load to gradually master the lost skills and monitor limit voltage. In particular, doctors are forbidden to lift weights more than three pounds the first three months after surgery, and in the next three months – no more than five.

Six months postoperative period, after which you need to return to your doctor for screening for complications. And if the doctor allows, you can return to your normal activity – most women have such demands, in principle, not alter the way of life, although athletes and women in various industries or trade have to limit yourself.

Pregnancy after laparoscopy ovarian cyst is not only a safe decision – the surgery itself is often performed for the treatment of infertility. As mentioned above, a follicular cyst can cause infertility as permanent cysts, despite the regression and the absence of symptoms, prevent to develop new follicles with egg cells inside of them.

After laparoscopy 85% of patients, thus treating infertility, get pregnant in the first year after surgery (20% in the first month, 20 % – in a period of three to five months, 30% after six months and the remaining 15% expect nine months to a year).

By how evenly distributed the time, it is clear that the period of pregnancy after infertility treatment is strictly individual. If laparoscopy is done, dissecting the adhesions, the patient is a year for conception, safe in terms of complications. If the laparoscopy revealed other violations in addition to cysts and a course of treatment for gynecological problems, the first few months, most likely, the long-awaited pregnancy.

Period after laparoscopy ovarian cyst should occur on schedule, as the integrity of healthy tissue during a laparoscopy, is not disturbed. However, any surgery on the ovary may shift the menstrual cycle is a phenomenon within the physiological norm.

After laparoscopy, you may also notice discharge, having a slimy character. Such allocation sometimes arise even immediately after the operation, and nothing bad to say. The reason for the alarm will appear if this discharge will become yellow-green or brown-green shade – this means that the body has got an infection. Usually this symptom is accompanied by a characteristic weakness, drowsiness, fever, discomfort.

In addition, can alsodetected highlight is white, which appear as a result of the laparoscopy while taking antibiotics. They can talk about the thrush, or another infection, for identifying a smear. In any case, the supervision of a physician and timely medical care can help to cure the diseases at early stages.

Than you can try to cure a cyst at home , see here. But do not forget that medical check-up first!

Diet after laparoscopy ovarian cyst needs to facilitate the rehabilitation process for reproductive system. Due to the fact that the ovaries are in close proximity to the bowel, the well-being of the digestive tract depends on their condition. Therefore, as used in the first three months of food should contain more fiber, which improves peristalsis and normalize the glucose level. Accordingly, from eating fatty, fried, very spicy and salty dishes should be avoided. These foods too hard to digest, and, moreover, irritates the mucous membranes of the digestive tract.

Special requirement diet after laparoscopy is the prohibition of alcoholic drinks of all types in a month and a half.

Diet is to eat light for the digestive tract products (vegetables, fruit, boiled, stewed meat diet) small meals 10-12 times per day. When healing your inner wounds to the body will help full of vitamins fresh juices, low-fat dairy (yogurt, milk), cereal products (porridge). We remind you that, in connection with the possible appointment of a course of antibiotics you must also forget about drinking alcohol for the first month and a half.