Jade

Causes and symptoms of nephritis

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What is jade?

Jade is a group of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys affecting the glomerular apparatus. Jade can be diffuse (affecting the glomeruli in their entirety) and focal (with separate inflammatory lesions). The diffuse nephritis are more dangerous to human health. It can occur in acute and chronic forms.

When jade Cup defeat affected the renal pelvis system of kidneys, their tubules, glomeruli, and vessels. Inflammation of the kidneys can occur both independently and as a complication of various diseases. Most often, inflammation of the kidneys are exposed.

Jade is divided into groups:
– pyelonephritis (kidney inflammation of bacterial origin);
– glomerulonephritis (inflammation of glomeruli);
– interstitial nephritis (lesion of the interstitial tissue and renal tubules);
– shunt nephritis (complication of immune complexes in the renal glomeruli).

Causes of nephritis

According to the etiology of the nephritis may be primary and secondary.

Primary nephritis occurs due to primary kidney disease, among which acute or chronic glomerulonephritis. Its share drops to about 80 % of all cases of incidence of nephritis.

Secondary nephritis develops as a secondary disease with various pathologic processes. Causes of nephritis are:
– renal amyloidosis, diabetes mellitus;
– infectious diseases (tuberculosis, malaria, influenza, syphilis);
– autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus);
– abnormal allergic reactions;
– vasculitis, myeloma, thrombosis;
– cancer;
– poisoning poisons or heavy metals (lead, mercury, gold);
– gynecological diseases in women;
– pregnancy (nephropathy of pregnancy);
–alcoholism.

The symptoms of nephritis

The clinical symptoms of nephritis not depend on its causes and always appear the same: General weakness of the patient, loss of appetite, dry mouth and constant thirst, pain in lower back and headache. The amount of urine decreases, sometimes there are nausea and vomiting, bloating and diarrhea, swelling of the limbs and face.Tests show proteinuria (detection of protein in the urine), hyperlipidemia, hypoproteinemia.

Prolonged inflammation of the kidneys and the diuretics usually cause the paresthesia (numbness and tingling of the skin), extreme weakness, muscle pain and cramps. These symptoms are due to the loss of body nutrients, particularly potassium and chloride. If due to nephritis occurs hydrothorax (accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity) or hydroperiod (the accumulation of fluid inside the pericardium), patients experience shortness of breath even at rest.

Severe swelling of the limbs very often restricts the normal activity of the person, prevents full activity and doing any physical work. Patients are passive, they observed the pallor, dryness and peeling of the skin, normal or reduced temperature, hair and nails brittle.

Acute inflammation of the kidneys may take place with considerable rise in temperature, chills, heavy sweating. For chronic nephritis are more typical of night sweats, yellowness of the skin, loss of appetite, frequent urination, brings pain. Blood pressure increased, urine is cloudy, with flakes.

Chronic nephritis occurs with alternating exacerbations and remissions. Frequent exacerbations lead to death of the glomeruli: develops renal failure, the toxins and poisonous substances are not removed from the body, there is a self-poisoning of the body (uremia).

Diagnosis of inflammation of the kidneys provides a General analysis of urine and blood, biochemical blood analysis, ultrasound of the kidneys.

The treatment of nephritis

The treatment of nephritis should be in a hospital. Patient hospitalityat and placed in a special Nephrology, choosing the most rational method of treatment of this disease.

It is mandatory bed rest and a diet with restriction of fluid and salt. Drug treatment involves the use of diuretics, antihistamines, calcium supplements, rutin, ascorbic acid, rarely, antibiotics and heart means.

If the nephritis is severe, combined therapy does not give desired effect and develops nephrotic crisis, used plasmapheresis (removal of blood plasma by toxic and metabolic components), hemosorption (purifying the blood by adsorption of the toxins to the surface of the sorbent); use of corticosteroids, cytostatics. The treatment always takes place under close medical supervision with regular blood test, urine and urea of the patient.

Patients with nephritis are recommended SANATORNO-resort treatment.

For the prevention of inflammation of the kidneys must be timely and accurately treat glomerulonephritis, renal andinfectious disease causing the nephritis. Patients with chronic nephritis should avoid physical exertion, nervous overexertion and hypothermia.