Necrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle

Necrosis of the heart muscle

According to statistics, myocardial infarction , a disease which affects not only the elderly but also young men at the age of 30 years. Women under 50 years rarely included in the category of suffering from this disease. A heart attack can lead to disability or to death. The human heart – constant engine operating without interruption throughout life.

Health requires oxygen and nutrients supplied by the bloodstream. The vessels of the heart are called coronary or coronal, as their extensive system resembles a crown or crown. The main body is working continuously, and thus the function of blood vessels should be continuous. What are the causes of myocardial infarction?

In fact it is the necrosis or death of heart muscle as a result of acute disorders of coronary circulation, which occurs because of inadequate transport of oxygen to the heart. In most cases, the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction provoked by coronary artery thrombosis in the area of atherosclerotic plaque.

Upon rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque, to the damage of the vessel walls stick blood cells that contributes to the formation of "platelet plug". Compressed and increasing in size it closes the lumen of the artery, there is an effect of occlusion. After 10 minutes of oxygen starvation of the heart muscle, and after 30 minutes of irreversible processes and within 3-6 hours, the muscle dies.

The development of myocardial infarction is divided into five periods:

· Predinfarktnoe period may last a few minutes or 1.5 months. Symptom is the frequent attacks of unstable angina. Timely diagnosis and treatment helps to avoid necrosis of the heart muscle.

· The acute phase occurs suddenly. Distinguish angioznyh pain attack when you felt strong, pressing, squeezing and burning pain behind the breastbone. Amplifying the pain experienced in left shoulder, arm, scapula and clavicle, and the left part of the mandible. At the time of the attack may last for 2-3 days. Patients feel fear, there is heavy sweating, paleness or redness of the face. When asthma attack, which occurs mainly in people of advanced age and re-infarction, shortness of breath, cardiac asthma or pulmonary edema. In the abdominal variant – abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating. Arrhythmic variant of myocardial infarction is characterized by a sharp acceleration of heart rate or total disruption of the electrical impulse fromthe Atria to the ventricles (atrioventricular block), the patient may lose consciousness. In Cerebral (brain) myocardial infarction – pain in the head, dizziness, decreased vision, rarely, but there are paresis and paralysis, heart pain do not exist.

· Acute phase lasts no more than 10 days, marked the formation of dead heart muscle, on the spot where the scar is formed. There is an increase in body temperature.

· Subacute period lasts 8 weeks, during this time, fully formed and compacted scar.

· In postinfarction period there is a stabilization of the patient, there is a risk of repeated myocardial infarction. There is angina or heart failure. Duration is 6 weeks.

Treatment of myocardial infarction in the hospital or in the intensive care unit allows to get a quick, intensive therapy and save the man, saving his life.

Necrosis of skeletal muscle

Necrosis of skeletal muscle (rhabdomyolysis) is the destruction of muscle fibers, which leads to the release of myoglobin into the blood. Myoglobin, being filtrated in the body through the kidneys damages them. The development of rhabdomyolysis can cause the use of alcohol and drugs. Among the factors contributing to necrosis of skeletal muscle isolated a genetic muscle disease, heat stroke, low in phosphates, heavy load, injuries.

About the beginning of the disease shows a dark, red urine, scanty its allocation of General weakness, pain and increasing stiffness of muscles, weakness in muscles, pain in the joints. To identify the accuracy of the diagnosis must take a test to check the level of creatine kinase and calcium in blood serum, urine test. The frequent occurrence of acute renal failure. The sooner the treatment of rhabdomyolysis, the risk of kidney disease is less, the faster people can return to normal life.

Necrosis after injection

Injection inflammation are quite common, and the reason may be a change in the reactivity of the organism, infection with microorganisms with inadequate sterilization of injection needles and drugs, too short needles. Some highly concentrated solutions of drugs, such as a 25% solution of magnesium sulfate can cause the injection site aseptic necrosis.

After the injection you may receive a painful infiltration, hyperemia and edema. This process is accompanied by increase in body temperature and changes in the blood. Infiltration can pass in the purulent form, abscess or phlegmon. Using UHF,electrophoresis with antibiotics or different types of local heat after the first manifestations of the signs of a bad injection, can prevent complications. Abscess and cellulitis are removed by surgery.