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Naevus of skin

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What is nevi skin?

A nevus is a developing of pigment cells in the skin or mucosa benign neoplasm called a birthmark or mole. As a rule, he does not bring any physical discomfort while remaining invisible under clothes. With the appearance of the moles on the particular body parts associated with multiple takes: some promise happiness in life, others – health and longevity. Whether so it actually?

Pigment or nebesnye cells are laid in the prenatal period of development. They are the precursors of normal melanocytes, but remain in the deeper layers of the dermis, forming a particular cluster. Under the influence of a number of factors nebesnye cells actively produce the pigments that are visible on the skin as moles.

Modern medicine argues that the appearance of birthmarks are essential ultraviolet rays reaching the skin during a person's life. They are stimulants modified melanocytes of the dermis, the accumulation of which lie dormant in its different layers. Having received the necessary dose of UV rays, these pigment cells begin vigorously to produce melanin, which manifests itself in a variety of brightly colored spots – moles.

In addition, the influence of hormonal levels on the development of nevi. Thus, during pregnancy, adolescence and hormonal therapy number of moles increases. In addition, existing moles may slightly increase in size and change shape in these States.

Young children on the body it is hardly possible to find a birthmark, but in the dermis they have already changed clusters of melanocytes, awaiting stimulation. The older a person is, and the more he spent time in the sun, the greater the number of moles can be detected in his body. The average person can find about 20 different types of nevi, sometimes their number exceeds one hundred, or moles merge into one huge stain. Interestingly, moles are more often the representatives of the European race, a person with dark skin number of nevi at times less.


Types of nevi

There are 3 types of moles:

  • Vnutriepetelialnaya nevus is the most common. It is a flat formation round shape with clear boundaries that have uniform color from light to dark brown. Usually, there is a nevus in the first two decades, and in adulthood gradually depigmented. Size vnutriepetelialnaya moles throughout life is directly proportional to the increase growth and body weight, can change the color of its surface.
  • Intradermal nevus is characterized by its domed shape, is raised above the skin surface the formation of various colors, uniform color. The appearance of moles this type is typical after 30 years, their size can vary a few mm to 5-10 cm Dome-shaped form is often created by the presence of the so-called legs, which increases the risk of trauma education.
  • Complex (mixed) nevus is intradermal form of transition and vnutriplevralnogo formations. He almost always has a rounded, spherical shape, dense texture, clear boundary.

There were several types of nevi, they all share a benign course:

  • vascular (strawberry, strawberry),
  • dysplastic,
  • papillomatous,
  • Becker nevus
  • nevus of Seton
  • blue.

Vascular nevus appears as a result of improper growth of the blood vessel wall. Thus, the skin appears slick with a reddish hue, dense to the touch, no hair. Thanks to color this mole got the name strawberry.

Dysplastic nevus can appear on the skin throughout a person's life. It is the result of the chaotic life of novozilov under the influence of stimulating factors: UV rays, hormones, radiation, etc. This mole is small in size, usually its color varies from red to dark brown. A group characterized by their location on the body.

Papillomatous nevus has the appearance of papules with irregular shapes and rough surface, often it the hair grows. Predominantly located in the neck.

Becker nevus occurs mainly in boys in puberty due to the intensive development and into the blood supply of large quantities of male sex hormones. His appearance is preceded by the formation on the skin several spots of brown that are merged. Thus, Becker nevus is jagged and large. Over time, its surface becomes uneven, hairs.

Nevus of Seton is a bundle of brown, to10 mm in diameter. Its distinguishing feature is the presence of the rim of depigmentation (white circle), surrounding the nevus at the periphery and more than 2-3 times in diameter.

Blue nevus is so named because of its color. It is a small nodule with clear boundaries, and always smooth.

All nevi should be divided by size into:

  • small (5-15 mm),
  • medium (up to 10 cm),
  • large (10-20 cm),
  • giant, occupying the entire anatomical region.

Nevi in newborns

Congenital nevi are, in fact, benign tumors. They are quite rare: only 1-5% of cases it is possible to meet the nevus on the body of a newborn baby or toddler. At birth the skin is already changing clusters of melanocytes, pending any stimulation to its further development. Most often they appear in the period of hormonal changes in the body and under the action of ultraviolet rays.

The congenital nevus typically has a rounded shape with clear boundaries. Its color is always uniform and can be both light and dark brown, black. The amount of such moles from 5 mm to 2 cm, Surface smooth or slightly nodular, with minor hairline. Also a birthmark can reach gigantic proportions, occupying the entire anatomical area of the body, while its surface is soft, velvety to the touch.

If a newborn baby the body has a lot of moles, or birthmarks occupy a large part of the body, is a reason to carefully observe them, as there is a risk of malignancy and transformation into melanoma or another tumor. Consult with a specialist.

Malignancy nevi possible at constant influence of a number of irritating factors.

They most frequently are:

  • chronic trauma moles
  • frequent exposure to aggressive chemicals
  • disorders in hormone levels, often sexual,
  • adverse physical effects, UV rays, etc.

When malignancy (malignant tumor) nevus of concern. It may be associated with a burning sensation, tingling or itching in the area of the mole, the rapid growth of its volume.

If you have already started the process of malignancy, the nevus becomes characteristic features:

  • bleeding andthe wet surface
  • the rapid increase in size,
  • wounded contours, blurring the boundaries
  • the unevenness of the coloring pigment,
  • uneven surface, a dome-shaped growth.

At the appearance of disturbing symptoms, you should consult a specialist. With the help of the medical examination, the doctor can reliably establish the nature of the birthmark and choose the necessary treatment.

Removal of naevus

Cause different kind of discomfort moles should be removed. There are several methods for getting rid of moles – this recipes of traditional medicine, and cryodestruction, and excision with a scalpel or laser. Most proven surgical removal and laser method, because they give almost 100% rid of nevi. Be sure to consult a specialist, that doctor will be able to choose the optimal treatment option.

There are a number of indications, the presence of which experienced dermatologist will advise you to get rid of the nevus. Primarily, this is due to unconstrainedly as nevi often enough zlokacestvennoe.

To remove moles is recommended for:

  • often their trauma, which is typical for nevi located in the groin and armpits, on the head, in places carrying straps and bra.
  • a sharp increase in the size, borders, color birthmark.
  • the growing discomfort, itching, burning, tingling, wet, bleeding.
  • high risk of malignancy, such as giant congenital nevus.
  • with the preventive purpose.

In addition, nevus removal is possible at the request of the patient, which is especially often the case when the location of the nevus in the open area of the body or in its larger sizes. Then getting rid of this education will be cosmetic surgery for aesthetic purpose.


Removal of nevus laser

Laser excision of moles is now very common. This is a reliable, proven method. The laser can remove moles small size, located on any part of the body.

The essence of this technique is that laser radiation penetrates precisely to the desired depth at the desired location. The procedure is painless, while it is not formed such frequent complications such as scars, burns and scars.

But there area significant disadvantage of this method – deleting a large amount of nevi on the skin remain white (depigmented) stain.


Surgical removal of the nevus

Most everywhere is still used surgical excision of the nevi. This method is reliable and convenient because it does not require special expensive equipment. Basically in this way excised nevi, having large dimensions.

The main disadvantages of the procedure are:

  • cosmetic defect on the skin. As surgeon-dermatologist needs to remove at least 3-5 cm of healthy tissue of the dermis around the mole, scarring is almost inevitable.
  • excision of nevus with its small size is performed under local anesthesia, in other cases, and in children to remove the mole surgically is only possible under General anesthesia.

The consequences of the removal of the nevus

The consequences of the procedure, removal of birthmarks depend on a number of factors. It is necessary to consider the quality of the treatment and the individual response of the body, and careful postoperative care.

After removal of the nevus in any case, there is discomfort that lasts no more than a month, often for several days. In the first days after excision of the nevus in its place formed a dark crust, which in any case cannot be disturbed. Should strictly observe the recommendations given by the physician, most often it is the daily treatment of the wound surface with a solution of brilliant green and slightly pink manganese. It is important during the first 2 weeks not to take a bath, do not visit saunas and swimming pools, with care to use creams and other cosmetics. Subsequently, the dark crust disappears, leaving the area pink, youthful skin. At this time, it is necessary to protect the body from sunlight. Categorically should not visit at this time the Solarium. Complete healing of damaged tissue takes place 5-6 months after the procedure.

Complications after removal of the nevus occur more often in contact with the wound surface infection, then there is inflammation, burning, possible suppuration. In this case it is necessary to seek medical help, the specialist will select the adequate antibiotic therapy and will follow the dynamics of recovery.

For possible complications removal of nevus refers to his relapse, which is associated with incomplete excision of tissue formation. Often this happens during surgical treatment.