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Age spots on face and body: causes and treatment

Spots is hypermelanosis of the skin, which are formed as a result of enhanced melanin production in it. Areas of pigmentation vary in color, by shape, by location, may exist from birth, and can be purchased. Age spots are not a skin disease, however, they pose a serious cosmetic defect, and in some cases bring people expressed discomfort. In addition, the skin prone to increased pigmentation, aging rapidly, becoming dry and rough, through her show through the vessels.

The risk of pigment spots is that they can masquerade as a malignant neoplasm, therefore, before proceeding to any kind of treatment, you should consult a specialist.

For what is the color of human skin, respond to the five pigments is melanin, melanoidin, carotene, oxyhemoglobin and hemoglobin restored. All five of these pigments are always present in healthy skin. However, if one of them is missing, or is produced with violations, it leads to the formation of areas of pigmentation.

The leading role in the color of the skin belongs to melanin. He protects us from ultraviolet radiation. If melanin at a particular area of the skin accumulates too much, it leads to the formation of age spots.

The content of the article:


Causes of pigmentation on face and body

Causes of pigmentation on face and body diverse, among them are the following:

  • Malfunctionthyroid;

  • Such serious pathology of the endocrine system, like Graves ' disease, hypopituitarism, pituitary tumor – all of them accompanied by the appearance on the skin of the body and face hyperpigmentation sites;
  • Irregularities in functioning of the work of the gallbladder and liver – the organs responsible for the production of haemoglobin and bilirubin;
  • Violation of metabolic processes in the body, disease of the digestive tract, all of which can lead to the formation of pigment spots;
  • Genetic predisposition to the formation of sites of increased pigmentation;
  • Prolonged exposure to the sun. Age spots appear on the skin due to the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. That is, the ultraviolet rays are the main reason why there are pigmented areas;
  • Irregularities in functioning of the ovaries;
  • Hormonal disturbances. Especially often spots appear during pregnancy, but can be the result of hormonal drugs. Most often, those spots that appear as a result of gestation, after childbirth are, although they can persist for a long period of time;
  • Areas of pigmentation disorders can occur due to injuries on the spot burns;
  • Various skin disease cause of age spots. For example, a disease such as vitiligo, caused by lack of melatonin in certain areas of the skin;
  • Wearing synthetic clothes, prolonged skin contact with rubber;
  • Any procedure that violates the integrity of the skin, is able to provoke the appearance of age spots;
  • In some cases spots occur on the background of mental disorders, for example, they may appear with prolonged depression, psychosis, neurasthenia;
  • Can cause the formation of age spots certain medications, as well as the use of unsuitable cosmetic products.

Why there are brown spots on the face?

This files most often on the face there are spots in the form of freckles. They are small, have an oval or round shape. Their occurrence is caused by genetic factors. Compounding the situation is the excessive presence of man in the sun.

Under the action of ultraviolet rays, the melanocytes aktiviziruyutsya to protect the skin from the negative effects of the sun. Only people who have a tendency to hyperpigmentation of the skin is no protectionmelanocytes manifests itself in the form of tan, and the remaining part of the people – in the form of age spots. In this regard, to be in the sun they are contraindicated, and if this fails, then you should take certain protective measures.

However, not only genetic predisposition and ultraviolet light are the cause of pigmentation on the face. All of the above factors (diseases of organs and systems, metabolic disturbances, pregnancy etc.) can provoke a similar cosmetic defect.


The types of pigmented spots

There are the following types of dark spots:

Freckles

Freckles represent brown patches of pigment of small size, which are located mainly on the face and exposed parts of the body. Sometimes these pigmentation can capture the ears, chest, hands and feet. Freckles are common among people with fair skin, red hair. The appearance of pigmentation due to excessive sun exposure and genetic predisposition.

The intensity of the color of freckles may vary, depending on the time of year. With regard to their number and size. Can be observed as a light colored spot stain, not more than a trace of injection, and may appear large brown freckles.

By their nature, freckles represent the sun, which is distributed unevenly in this regard, in the winter they can completely disappear. In addition, they are not as bright, as the body adjusts to the effects of the sun's rays, learning to distribute them more evenly.

Freckles do not pose any threat to the health of their owner, moreover, many freckled people do not perceive this phenomenon as a cosmetic flaw. In that case, if freckles are a cause of psychological discomfort, you can prevent their formation using a sunscreen with strong UV filter. In this process must not only face but also other parts of the body that will be exposed to sunlight.

Freckles are not deep pigmentation, so it is easy to get rid of the fruit and milk peels. However, to protect against re-occurrence of their peels not.

Nevi or birthmarks

Moles, birthmarks are the most common type of skin pigmentation. Nevi are small, smoothly contoured hyperpigmentation areas on the skin that are characteristic of a particular person. They, like the restspots that appear as a result of the uneven distribution of melanin. That excessive accumulation of melanocytes nevi makes visible. The color of the birthmarks are individual and can be both light and dark brown.

Birthmarks of various sizes and colors have with each person. But if too many of them, or if they increase in size, there is a risk of degeneration into cancer education. Therefore, the nevi, which are in areas of high friction, or the person you want to delete. You should also not delay the visit to the doctor if a birthmark in any way begins to evolve. Most often moles removed with liquid nitrogen, or by diathermocoagulation. (See also: what is a nevus of the skin?)

Chloasma (melasma)

Spots of large dimensions, occur on the face, most often, women are called chloasma or melasma. These spots are irregular in shape, often merge into one big education. Perhaps the appearance HLASM not only on face but also on neck, ears, shoulders. The chest area is affected very rarely.

Melasma prone to expansion when exposed to UV rays. Cause is mainly hormonal disturbance in the body of a woman. Chloasma can characterize the beginning of the menstrual cycle, occur during pregnancy, when breast-feeding, while taking any hormones.

In addition, chloasma often arise in response to the applied to the skin aromatic and hormonotherapy ointments. Usually after the lifting means, the defects disappear, to speed up the process of beauty treatments.

Lentigines

Lentigines represent the age spots appearing in people as they age. Lentigo people called senile ripples. Spots occur mainly on those areas that are most intensively exposed to sunlight – the face, hands, forearms, upper chest, upper back.

Similar spots appear after the age of 40 years. Most women suffer from this cosmetic defect, as it gives them age and visibly ages. When a woman enters menopause, due to hormonal rearrangements spots will be even brighter and more visible, increases their number.

Decorative cosmetics to cope with the lentigines are not able to, therefore, women should refer to cosmetic surgeries to correct this defect.

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The hypopigmentation of the skin are defects such as albinism and vitiligo. This is a rare pathology, which is quite difficult therapy. People with such violations is strictly prohibited exposure to the sun.

Discolored areas of the skin from excessive sun exposure should be protected as carefully as possible. In addition, albinism requires wearing special contact lenses that protect the eyes from ultraviolet radiation. If the person with vitiligo or albinism gets a sunburn, as a rule, it is deep and heavy, and regular exposure of the skin to sunlight leads to cancer.

Find out more: vitiligo – causes, stages, what is dangerous and how to treat vitiligo?


Tips for skin care to prevent the appearance of age spots

To prevent the appearance of age spots is much easier than to try to get rid of them.

If you have a tendency to their occurrence, the following tips will help care for skin to prevent the appearance of age spots:

  • Should reduce the time of sun exposure to a minimum. About the dangers of tanning said a lot, but if you abandon it you can't, then you need to go out in the sun before 11am and after 17 o'clock in the evening;
  • Use creams with UV filters should on a regular basis. It will indicate the marked SPF. The higher the number that stands after this abbreviation, the greater the protection from the sun;
  • It is useful to apply to the skin serums, creams and masks with members of their staff with antioxidants;
  • Cosmetics you should choose the one which contains in its composition SPF-filters;
  • It is highly desirable to abandon the Solarium. There you can get a much larger dose of ultraviolet light than when under natural sunlight;
  • It is impossible to use means, which is composed of alcohol. They dry the skin, making it more vulnerable to sunlight. The same is true of ointments containing hormones. They should be applied only in the case if it has medical advice.

Basic advice for the care of the skin, preventing the appearance of age spots is to protect it from exposure to sunlight.

Treatment of age spots on the face and other parts of the body

Removal of pigment spots – the question is very relevant, especially for women. They are highly sensitive tothe appearance of any blemishes on the face, as this is a serious cosmetic defect. Before you start to take any action, you should consult with a dermatologist and a cosmetologist.

It is possible that the specialist will advise the woman to go to an endocrinologist or oncologist. You may need to be tested for hormonal status, because the pigmentation is often the result of hormonal disorders in the body. If they do not resolve, then to get rid of age spots will not succeed.

If no abnormalities are identified, then deal with pigmentation to help cosmetologist. In the Arsenal of these professionals, there are many methods to deal with such defects. So, the most affordable and easy method of removing age spots is the application of special ointments and creams with whitening effect. If they get rid of the problem does not help, beauticians resort to more complex methods of elimination of age spots is to implement procedures using special machines located in beauty salons.

Bleach the skin using glycolic and fruit masks and creams. Good effect give peels with fruit acids, cryotherapy, laser whitening.

Mask, face cream

Causing pigment spot mask, scrub or cream with natural plant acids, it is possible to achieve whitening effect. Glycol are also useful tools that exfoliate the upper layer of the epidermis, refreshes the skin and relieve it from the old particles. In the end, remain on the surface of young, healthy cells.

The effect can be achieved:

  • The skin becomes soft, acquires firmness and elasticity;
  • The pores are narrowed;
  • The terrain leveled;
  • The color becomes more uniform.

Whitening effect have the following tools: Cream "Snow white", a night cream "Perfect whitening"cream KORA freckles, whitening cream"TRINITI-M", cream "White linen", etc.

Bleaching creams based on fruit acid and glycolic acid suitable for all skin types. A contraindication to their use is an individual intolerance to the components of specific assets. Fruit peels are divided into superficial and deep to achieve the maximum effect, you should undergo complex procedures. Unlike glycolic, fruit peel can be done at any time of the year. While glycolic funds are used only in winter andin the fall, when the sunlight is not too intense.

If the skin has areas of hyperpigmentation, papules, pustules, acne vulgaris is concerned, it is possible to use a tool called retin A. It is produced in the form of lotion, cream, gel, solution. The active substance within the composition of the drug is TRANS-retinoic acid. This tool has a number of contraindications, therefore, requires a careful study of the instructions for use. So, it is forbidden to apply it on the injured skin (burns, unhealed wounds), if the skin is too tanned, you should wait for some time that the sun became less intense. Should not be after using the tool to go in the sun. Apply the cream once a day, leave for 6 hours then wash off with water. The treatment course should not exceed 30 days.

You can often hear recommendations to use as a bleaching agent cream Achromin produced in Bulgaria. Indeed, earlier in its composition was attended by the strongest bleach – hydroquinone, however, this substance is banned for use in America and Europe, so now in Achromia this component is missing. This means that the whitening effect can not be achieved. In addition, the tool itself has an unpleasant smell, oily texture, so use it very problematic.

Sometimes from age spots could be removed with tools such as Badyaga Forte and Express a Bruise.

Topic: 15 popular creams of pigment spots

Laser removal of pigment spots on the face

To get rid of age spots using the laser resurfacing procedure. To this end, use the diode laser with different attachments. The spot is processed with the tip of the device that delivers a laser beam. During the procedure, a person will experience a tingling skin and a feeling of warmth.

To the skin burns formed, it is cooled by a different nozzle. The final stage of the procedure is to apply a special balm, which restores the damaged areas. In addition, you will need additional skin care in the next few days. First and foremost, it will need to apply sunscreen.

The deeper the spots, the bigger they are, the more intense the effect will be, depends on the number of procedures. Often to cope with the cosmetic defect fails within 1-4 treatments, the interval between them should be not less than 14 days.

The benefits of laser skin whitening of the following:

  • The preservation of the integrity of the skin;
  • The opportunityparallel performance of other cosmetic procedures;
  • Stimulates production of skin's own collagen;
  • Can not only whiten the skin but also tighten it;
  • Existing scars from acne will be reduced or completely lost.;
  • A quick result.

Disadvantages procedures laser skin whitening are:

  • The presence of contraindications (pregnancy, breast-feeding, certain skin diseases, including cancer, psoriasis, dermatosis, local herpetic rash, decompensated diabetes mellitus, etc.);
  • Rehabilitation period, during which the skin requires special care;
  • You may experience swelling of the skin that resolves on its own after 1-3 days;
  • For the first week after the procedure the skin may peel off;
  • High price.

Cryotherapy age spots

Cryotherapy pigmentation is a method of removing from the skin areas of pigmentation, moles, nevi, warts using liquid nitrogen. The procedure is as follows: the treated area with applied liquid nitrogen (in the form of applications or spray), the defect is frozen, there is a blister, which after a certain period of time to exfoliate. Along with him dying of old cells and soft tissue in need of regeneration. The procedure is short and takes only a few seconds.

The advantages of cryotherapy dark spots:

  • Spotless skin;
  • The ability to remove deep pigmentation;
  • The speed of the procedure.

Disadvantages of cryotherapy dark spots:

  • The occurrence of painful sensations;
  • The emergence of a sense of temporary numbness;
  • Rehabilitation period with skin edema, blisters, peeling skin, flushing of the skin;
  • The presence of contraindications (infectious diseases, disorders of the heart and blood vessels, hypersensitivity to cold, etc.).

After the procedure, the skin requires special care, the beautician should be required to warn his client.

Fotogalerie age spots

Fotogalerie age spots is that on the problematic area of the skin is exposure to pulseshigh-intensity light. It is known that the melanin absorbs the light waves selectively, only when they are within a certain range. With the help of special devices select such a wavelength, which is able to destroy melanocytes without damaging the skin.

Settings on the unit are set individually for each patient, is regulated depending on the nature of dark spots, its depth, size, location, etc. to remove surface defects, it is enough 1 or 2 treatments with an interval in 2 weeks. In order to get rid of deep pigmentation, you will need about 6 treatments.

It Fotogalerie age spots is the most effective method of getting rid of this cosmetic defect. The spot disappears and the skin is not damaged. This is the main advantage of the method.

However, to use it you not all among the contraindications are:

  • Skin diseases;
  • Diabetes mellitus;

  • Skin cancer;

  • Child bearing;
  • The presence of keloid scars;
  • Diseases of the psyche.

As for the disadvantages of the method, it can be attributed to the presence of the rehabilitation period, during which the treated area is even darker, creating the effect of a smudge. This phenomenon is considered natural, as is the release of melanin. After about 2 weeks the skin will begin to peel off, then the spot either disappears completely, or becomes much less noticeable.

Mesotherapy from age spots

Mesotherapy is a procedure aimed at skin rejuvenation, alignment, color, narrow pores. It uses special mezokokteyli, which include active components. They treated face, decollete, hands.

In the composition of mezokokteyl you can meet:

  • Ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant;
  • Phytic acid is a skin bleach;
  • Pyruvic acid is a stimulator of collagen production.

Mezokokteyl applied to the skin for a certain time, after which it is removed. Often quite a few procedures to make your skin whiter.

Chemical peels

Chemical peeling is a procedure of bleaching, purification and rejuvenation of the skin byits influence on the deeper layers of chemical components included in the composition of cosmetic means. The main active component peels are various acids.

Peeling is carried out in limited areas of the skin relieves them from pigmentation and wrinkles.

If we are talking about surface peeling, is subjected to the effects of the Horny layer of the epidermis, in the middle of the peeling process all the layers of the epidermis to the basal membrane, and with a deep peel is captured by the basement membrane and mesh layer of the dermis.

Superficial peeling is carried out mainly with the help of fruit acids (glycolic, lactic, phytic, pyruvic, etc.), the middle with TCA or salicylic acid, and deep with carbolic acid.

Is strictly prohibited to carry out chemical peels in the spring and summer, as under the influence of UV on the skin pigmentation on the treated areas will only intensify. Peels are selected in terms of cosmetology office, taking into account the individual characteristics of the skin of the patient's age, presence of contraindications, etc.

As a rule, are subject to the following recommendations:

  • The surface of the fruit peel up to 4 times per year for patients up to 30 years;
  • Peeling with glycolic acid to 7 procedures, two times per year to patients aged from 30 to 35 years;
  • TCA peeling and peeling retinoidy patients up to 50 years with severe pigmentation;
  • Phenol peeling recommended only after the age of 50 years and older.

Before the procedure of peeling skin for several weeks to prepare, for which it is treated with a weak solution of glycolic acid. The peeling procedure begins with a degreasing of the skin, are subject to removal all impurities, it is available. Then applied to the skin active acid and observe the reaction of the epidermal skin. After the allotted time the acid wash. When the tool is removed, the skin is burned, the face reddens, a feeling of tightness, which later gives way to pronounced scaling of the skin. When the process of detachment is complete, the patient's skin will be updated – it will remain pigmented spots, wrinkles and other defects.

After peeling the skin need to treat sunscreen, and apply tools to moisturize and repair.

The disadvantage of chemical peeling procedures is that pigmentation in the treated areas may increase. In addition, you should choose a professional cosmetologist, so as a failure of technology can cause serious burns of the skin. In this respect, the greatest danger is carbolic peeling.

Dermabrasion

Dermabrasion facial is a form of exfoliation, which is carried out mechanically. The skin is polished with a special nylon or metal brushes. Dermabrasion – the procedure is traumatic, it is a violation of the integrity of the skin, so it is compared with the surgical operation.

While dermabrasion removes the superficial layers of the dermis, but the deeper layers are not affected. In the subsequent regeneration of skin appearance young and healthy cells, triggered mechanisms of generation of the collagen fibers.

Dermabrasion is performed to remove freckles, age spots, scars, nevi, spider veins, facial wrinkles, etc.

The procedure does not apply under the following conditions:

  • Inflammation of the skin;

  • Herpes;

  • Diseases of the blood;
  • Tuberculosis;
  • The period of rehabilitation after radiation or hormonal therapy;
  • Cardiovascular disease and so on.

Dark skin, allergies, hyperpigmentation – all of these conditions are relative contraindications for mechanical peeling.

The procedure is painful, so it is performed under local or even General anesthesia. Grind the skin areas. After the procedure the wound are closed or open method, in the latter case, the skin is treated with Yodopiron every 5 minutes during the first hour. Then the wound dried.

The treated area is covered with a scab, which after two weeks leaves. Under the crust is pink skin, which will heal for another 2-3 months. At this time it should be carefully protected from UV exposure, applying sunscreen. However, the difference between treated and untreated areas will be evident throughout the year. The procedure is complex and requires a mandatory health education specialist, who will conduct it.


How to remove freckles, moles, deep pigmentation spots?

  • If the skin has age spots, the sun such people with caution. Of course, it is fashionable, but health should be first. In addition, light skin makes its possessor younger by a few years. In spring and summer, people with age spots it is necessary to protect the skin from UV rays, putting on her special creams. Will help in this respect, wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses.
  • Make freckles less noticeable by using chemical peeling procedures with fruit or milk acids. However, this is a temporary measure, as when hit by the sun on skin, the freckles will appear again. It will happen much faster if not to use sunscreen.
  • From moles can be removed using techniques such as cryotherapy, laser removal, surgical diathermy.
  • From the deep age spots can be removed with laser peeling method fotogaleria, mesotherapy, mechanical peeling. On the recommendation of the doctor you can use depigmenting agents.

    • Among them:

    • Hydrogen peroxide;
    • Hydroquinone and products based on it;
    • Lavender oil;
    • Acids (ascorbic, citric, acetic, salicylic, lactic);
    • Acetic tincture of horseradish;
    • The resorcinol.

    These drugs are able to exert a pronounced keratolytic effect and well exfoliate the top layer of the epidermis.


    To what doctor to treat age spots?

    With the appearance of age spots on skin must consult a dermatologist. You may need to consult a trichologist, mycologist, endocrinologist, oncologist.