Aortic heart defect

Aortic stenosis refers to a group of diseases that are collectively called heart disease. This type of heart defect is a narrowing of the mouth of the aorta. This pathology leads to disruption of blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. The anomaly found in congenital defects of the valves in atherosclerosis, infectious endocarditis and rheumatism. A slight narrowing of the aortic orifice does not cause significant circulatory disorders. If it is significant, then the systole is prolonged.

Left ventricle because it has to endure the resistance of blood flow and make the hard work, leading to hypertrophy, prolonged time compensating the arising violation of hemodynamics. But with further development of narrowing of the aortic orifice, the liberation of the left ventricle in systole is incomplete. It also occurs through the weakening of the contractile ability.

The danger is that in the cavity accumulates a residual blood volume, which causes stretching of the left ventricle. In addition, the pressure increases not only in the cavity of the left ventricle, but in the cavity of the left atrium. These problems with stagnation in the pulmonary circulation, which is the development of heart failure of the right ventricle. Narrowing the mouth of the aorta is considered "benign" heart disease.

However, over time, the patients detected the depletion of the myocardium or incomplete food. Shortness of breath – the first sign of heart failure of the left ventricle. Initially it can appear even when not too intense physical exertion, later progressing, accompanied by cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema. In people with this disease are pain in the region of the heart are in the nature of angina, and may occur during walking. Often stabbing or aching pain without radiation, associated with neurogenic disorders.

Soreness on the right edge of the sternum is similar to arthalgia, heart disease, when the patient suffers from attacks of retrosternal pain, radiating to the interscapular region, the neck. A feature of aortic stenosis include dizziness and fainting, combined with the strokes. Dizziness are manifested in the form of a stagger, bouts of severe weakness, which means poor circulation to the brain.

Fainting oftenended with the death of the patient. Fatigue, sweating – symptoms in aortic stenosis. Usually congenital aortic stenosis does not affect the physical development. People with heart disease are pale skin, but their physique can be quite athletic. Cyanosis is characteristic only in the presence of decompensation. Some teenagers sometimes formed a "heart hump".

Diagnosis begins with palpation of the heart and major blood vessels. Usually, the doctor thanks to this method gets the key to the exact diagnosis. If there is a systolic jitter on the sternum and the vessels of the neck, it becomes clear that the patient has a symptom of narrowing of the mouth of the aorta. The method of percussion reveals displacement of the cardiac dullness to the left, with decompensation blemish, if it is significant, then this is another proof of existing heart disease.

Auscultation – listening to heart sounds, it is a less efficient method, since the tone of the pulmonary artery is difficult to hear. But the characteristic feature of aortic stenosis - systolic murmur. It's a loud, continuous, low tone, with a scraping or roaring in white tone. Systolic murmur in the aortic stenosis is so loud that it can be heard even at a distance. The pulse has the characteristic features of stenosis.

He has a small amplitude, the growth and decline slow. Systolic blood pressure reaches 90-100 mm Hg. art., and diastolic markedly increased. Hypertension is a concomitant disease of heart disease of this type. To determine signs of left ventricular hypertrophy apply the method of x-ray and electrocardiography. Using echocardiography, the aortic valve stenosis is diagnosed most accurately. This method of research allows to determine the size of the left ventricular cavity and thickness of its walls. In addition, you can specifically learn about the condition of the valve and the mouth of the aorta. Treatment involves transplantation of the aortic valve, so it turns out the best effect. For such an operation using valve human heart valve of a pig or an artificial valve. Any type of prosthesis is chosen in accordance with the characteristics of the patient. The use of drug therapy aimed at treatment of heart failure and the elimination of anginal pain and other symptoms.