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Polyps in stomach is it dangerous? How to treat?

Polyps in the stomach is tumor masses of benign nature, emerging from the glandular structure of the mucous membrane of the body. These tumors appear on the inner wall of the stomach and grow into its lumen. They may have a wide base and sessile tumors and elongated leg of the Lancet of the tumor. Last found on the tops of the mucous membrane, becoming a continuation of her folds. In the form of tumors are most often round or oval, although sometimes there are mushroom-shaped and papillary polyps. Their color varies from gray to deep red. The greater part of the tumor glandular cells, the softer its consistence. The average size of education - 15 mm, although sometimes there are large tumors, reaching 60 mm.

According to statistics, from this disease more often affects men, their education is found in 2 times more often than women. The average age when diagnosed polyps of the stomach, is between 40 and 50. Unit of education are identified less than multiple of 47% and 52%, respectively. Very rarely revealed diffuse polyposis – no more than 2% of cases. As for the departments on education often appear in the pyloric area of the stomach (up to 70% of cases), and, somewhat less – in his body.

To lead to cancer can be up to 5% of the tumor-like formations. Subject to the degeneration adenomatous polyps, which are detected in 20% of cases. The larger the polyp, the higher the risk of malignancy.

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Symptoms of polyps in the stomach

Pathology is apparent in a number of symptoms that primarily depend on its size and the histological structure. The less education, the poorer will be the clinical signs, up to their complete absence.

  • Dyspeptic symptoms. It is this set of symptoms often indicates the presence of tumor in the body. Sicksuffering from high gas, heartburn, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which often gives way to constipation. The intensity of these symptoms depends on how long ago there was a polyp. The growth of the tumor, increased negative symptoms from the digestive tract. All the dyspeptic symptoms are the manifestations of the pathology, which formed the polyp. Most often they cause the patient to go to the doctor, and then and there discovered a tumor.

  • Pain. Pain in the presence of tumor are periodic in nature. Mostly they occur after a meal as it is annoying formation located in the lining of the stomach. The feeling of fullness occurs due to the fact that because of the polyp decreases its natural volume. The higher it is, the more trapped in the cavity on the food stretches it. Such tension becomes the cause of painful sensations that arise on the background of stimulation of nerve endings present in the serous membrane of the stomach. Depending on the region in which the tumor is will depend on the time of onset of pain after the next meal. Immediately after eating she is more likely to occur if the polyp is high in the cardiac unit of the authority. The deeper the tumor is localized, the later will appear pain – after an hour and a half after eating.

  • Bleeding. The cause of bleeding is more likely to be education, with the long leg having the shape of a mushroom. When torsion or trauma releases the blood. However, the cause of bleeding can polyps with a broad base that is due to their necrosis. That the patient began bleeding in her stomach, is suspected on the darkened feces, bloody vomiting, pressure drop and increased heart rate. Additional signs is unnatural pallor and sweating. Ignoring the symptoms of bleeding can lead to hemorrhagic shock, which leads to disruption of all organs.

  • Difficulties with evacuation of food. This symptom is observed when the tumor in the pyloric stomach. At the same time received in the cavity of the organ food passes into the duodenum, and it stagnates. This leads to the development processes of decay. This patient complains of epigastric pain, he has bad breath, often there is vomiting fetid putrid contents. The growth of a polyp, vomitingoccurs more often.
  • Anemia. The drop in the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells occurs against the background of a long latent bleeding. It is observed that if the polyp undergoes constant trauma. Because blood loss is quite insignificant, they do not become the cause of treatment to the doctor.

Symptoms of polyposis are rather nonspecific and easily confused with symptoms of other diseases, so in this case is so important competent professional help.


Causes of polyps in the stomach

The appearance of formations in the cavity of the stomach can be caused by the following factors:

  • Infection with Helicobacter pillory , the bacterium that can inhabit various parts of the organ and the duodenum. Penetrating into the gastric mucosa, it leads to its arsereview, causing the development of ulcers and further growth of the polyp. The longer the bacteria exist in the stomach cavity, the higher the risk of malignancy.
  • Genetic predisposition to the formation of precancerous tumors of the stomach. This applies adenomatous formations.
  • Exposure to radiation, namely ionizing radiation. The mucous membrane lining the stomach, gives one of the first reactions to the radiation fluxes of photons and ions. This factor is confirmed by the fact that in areas where there is a high level of radiation, the frequency of diagnosis of polyps is extremely high.
  • Consumption of food with nitrites and nitrates. This applies to vegetables, for cultivation and storage which use different chemicals. In addition, the negative impact on the gastric mucosa have all smoked, dried, salty foods and alcohol.
  • The use of medicines. The most dangerous are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can irritate the gastric mucosa, making it more vulnerable.
  • Nicotinethat comes with tobacco smoke, can irritate the epithelial cells of the organ. This, eventually, leads to the fact that they begin to degenerate.
  • Age. Every person crossing the threshold of 40 years is at risk, to identify polyponic growths in the stomach.
  • Disease, bearing the inflammatory nature. They are the reason that the stomach is formededucation, having a fibrous structure. They are not able to transform into cancer, but can lead to the development of bleeding.
  • Diseases of the digestive system. The most dangerous in terms of developing polyps, are considered gastritis and gastric ulcer. In addition, polyadenilation in chronic gastritis the patient on the surface of the stomach revealed multiple polyps and cystic growths that is of no consequence, and manifestation of disease.


Polyps in stomach is it dangerous?

Any entity in the stomach, however slight, is dangerous to health and life:

  • The risk of malignancy. If, after the diagnostic work has revealed that the body of the patient is adenomatous polyp, it significantly increases the risk of its subsequent degeneration into a malignant tumor. In addition, it was found that such education in excess of 20 mm malignities in 50% of cases. In this case, they affect not only the diseased organ, but also capable of using metastases spread throughout the body. The prognosis is poor and mortality among the infected are high.
  • The cramping legs of education. The danger of infringement of the legs, which is a tumor, is that increased risks of stomach bleeding, in the absence of emergency medical care. The patient in trauma or torsion of the knife feels sharp pain localized in the epigastric region. If education is about access to the stomach and it is pinching, it will hinder the normal movement of food into the duodenum. This will cause stasis of ingested food and vomiting putrid masses.
  • Bleeding. Bleeding can be both massive and latent. Threat them both. Heavy blood loss is fraught with the death of a patient in the absence of medical care, and hidden is a significant contributor to the development of anemia and chronic hypoxia of the tissues of the body.
  • Violations of the digestive process. First and foremost, the danger lies in the impossibility of passage of food into the intestine. The problem is compounded by the growth of education. The patient may experience a continuing feeling of nausea, it decreases appetite, decreases body weight.

Types of polyps in the stomach

Approaches to classification of polyps produced in the stomach, there are many.

If to take for a basis of their morphological structure, we can distinguish two types of tumors:

  • Adenomatous tumor, which may be tubular, and papillary papillotomy;
  • Hyperplastic tumor;
  • A xanthoma of the stomach.

In addition, some isolated multiple polyps that can be transferred by inheritance: the polyps of Patna-Jeghers polyps of Gardner and juvenile polyps. If the patient is diagnosed with one of these forms of polyps, growths it will have covered the entire area of the stomach.

Adenomatous polyp of the stomach

If you have been diagnosed, "adenomatous polyp of the stomach", the patient should understand that they need early surgical intervention. This is due to the fact that this kind of tumor are often prone to degeneration. The share of such entities in their total mass is not more than 10%. The risk of degeneration increases with the progression of the disease.

Tubular formation consists of glandular cells, which are limited on the outside by connective tissue. It tubular tumors more frequently and faster than the others transform into malignant tumors.

Villous or papillary adenoma of the stomach consists of a layer of the mucous membrane of the body, has many finger-like outgrowths of various widths.

Adenoma papillotomy is a mixed tumor consisting of glandular cells and villous structures. It is intermediate formation between tubular and villous tumor.

Hyperplastic polyp of the stomach – what is it?

One of the varieties of entities are hyperplastic polyps. They are more common than others and make up 70% of all identified tumors. The term hyperplastic implies that polypose growth was the result of hyperplasia of epithelial cells of the body, that is, in its origin no mutagenic bases or elements degenerated cells.

Rarely education this type transformirovalsya in tumors. The percentage of degeneration does not exceed 0.5.

Lead to the development of hyperplastic polyps inflammatory and infectious processes occurring in the body. In particular, the activity of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

With regard to the prevalence of the formations within the body, they can be single or multiple, may be scattered in hissquare, and can be collected in the nest or merge with each other. The maximum size of such education is 60 mmalthough sometimes there are huge polyps exceeding this figure.

Although such tumors have a minimum the possibility of degeneration into cancer, however, they can lead to bleeding and stagnation of food.

Juvenile polyps of the stomach

Such tumors are rare, can be detected at any age. Although they are formed mostly in the first 10 years of a child's life, and thus got its name. Juvenile polyps of the type often affect the colon and not the stomach. Primarily, such formations are diagnosed in the antrum of the organ. The size of juvenile polyps varies from 5 mm to 20 mm.

The structure of the juvenile polyp presents extra long convoluted cysts that grow from the inflamed swollen mucous membrane of the body. After opening the education, it will stand out mucus. The same thing happens when pressing on the tumor. Such growths are prone to degeneration in cancer, progression of pathology. However, if small quantities can occur regression of the disease.


Diagnosis of polyps in the stomach

There are two basic methods identify polyponic growths in the stomach is endoscopy and radiological examinations. Additional methods considered for laboratory analyses and to identify infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

  • The endoscopic examination. It boils down to the fact that in the cavity of the body is introduced flexible tube called an endoscope. At the end of a eyepiece, it transmits information to the monitor. The doctor is able to examine in detail the entire surface of the stomach and to determine the presence polyponic growths. Of all available options of endoscopic examination for the detection of polyps the best method is gastroscopy.

The survey takes place in several stages:

  1. Using local anesthetic, the patient is treated with the oropharynx.

  2. The patient is inserted in the mouth nakovnik, which he captures using his own teeth. It is administered through the endoscope into the esophagus, leading him to the stomach. To reduce the gag reflex, a person must as far as possible to breathe.

  3. Through the endoscope air is supplied, which allows you to spread the folds of the stomach.

  4. The tumor is found, biopsy is carried out.

  5. The endoscope is excreted from the stomach.

Sometimes a gastroscopy might have the purpose of not only diagnosis but also removal of education. The doctor in detecting small growths can decide on his immediate removal from the body. More often, however, is only fence a small area of the polyp for further examination.

  • X-ray examination. If for some reason the implementation of gastroscopy is not possible, then the patient is prescribed x-ray study using contrast material. In this case, the patient is asked to drink a suspension of barium, and then doing a few shots using the x-ray apparatus. They performed in several projections. Barium is used in order to obtain the best visualization, as the relief of the gastric wall becomes more clearly on the images. The procedure cannot be performed if the patient is carrying a child, if the patient is in serious condition, and has problems with swallowing or there is a suspicion of gastric bleeding. So gastroscopic examination is the best method to not only identify polyps, but also to assess the condition of the gastric mucosa.
  • Non-instrument methods of examination.

To reinstrumenting methods of survey include:

  1. Common blood test can help identify the presence of hidden bleeding, which may be suspected with low levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

  2. Submission of feces for detection of concealed blood also reveals the latent bleeding. To see a slight admixture of blood in the stool with the naked eye is impossible, since its color is not changed. That is why conduct such a study.

  3. Detection of Helicobacter pylori possible with the help of the PCR method (for it can be used saliva, blood or feces), using a breath test, either by cytological and histological examination of the material, which was taken during a biopsy.


Answers to popular questions

  • Do I need to remove a polyp in the stomach? Operation to eliminate the formation of the body is not always required. Sometimes you can get rid of the polyp of the stomach with the help of conservative treatment. Definite indications for removalavailable tumor is larger than 15 mm. In addition, the polyp should not cause discomfort to the patient and cause complications.
  • Can polyps in the stomach to dissolve themselves? There is a possibility of independent removal of polyp of the stomach, with the elimination of the causes that caused it.

Treatment of polyps in the stomach

Therapy education can be both conservative and surgical. The decision on the method of treatment is made by the doctor based on the obtained results. If it was decided to treat the patient with drugs, then parallel the patient needs to follow a particular diet, and the principle of fractional power. In addition, an important periodic control of a condition of the gastric mucosa, that is, the patient will need to undergo a gastroscopic examination not less than once per year.

Due to the fact that polyps are formed on the background of various diseases, medical treatment will be confined to their treatment.

So, medications used:

  • Almagell, which has a shielding property to protect the stomach from the damaging action of hydrochloric acid. This drug is prescribed when polyps are prone to bleeding. A variation is Almagel Almagel a, which includes benzocaine which alleviates the pain.

  • Omeprazole. This drug contributes to the disruption of producing hydrochloric acid, reducing its corrosive effect on the stomach.

  • De-Nol. The drug helps protect the stomach wall from hydrochloric acid due to the destructive effect of which processes contribute to the development of polyps. In addition, the drug promotes the elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection.

  • Gastal is prescribed to reduce the secretion of gastric juice. The drug allows you to enhance the protective properties of the mucous membrane of the body.
  • Rennie is assigned to neutralize the excess of hydrochloric acid has an analgesic effect, eliminates heartburn.
  • Clarithromycin is aimed at eliminating H. pylori infection, which in some cases may prevent the patient from polyponic growths.

If conservative treatment does not achieve the desired result, then the patientsent to surgical treatment.


Removal of polyps in the stomach

There are several techniques that allow to remove polyps in their stomach of the patient:

Endoscopic polypectomy

Operative intervention is implemented through introduced into the cavity of the body of the endoscope. It is a particular device that destroys or cuts off your education. Endoscopic polypectomy can be of three types:

  • Mechanical endoscopic polypectomywhen the tumor is cut using metal hinges. The clipping formation is removed with the endoscope. This method is dangerous because there is a risk of bleeding.
  • It is successful in eradicating. Most often this method is used to remove polyps from the stomach. It allows you to remove formations from 5 mm to 30 mmas selection of loop for excision occurs in an individual order.
  • Electrocoagulation allows to remove a polyp from the stomach using an electrical current. For this purpose, use biopsy forceps, which are applied to the tumor tissues, heat it and cause abnormal cells to evaporate.

Whichever method of endoscopic polypectomy would not have been selected, it does not guarantee that growth does not appear again. In addition, there is always a risk of perforation of the body wall. It is impossible to perform the procedure for patients with a pacemaker, and in violation of the processes of blood clotting and in severe condition of the patient.

The patient during surgery is under anesthesia, just after its action in the stomach, the endoscope is introduced and polyphonie tissue are destroyed.

Open surgery

The operation is performed with a scalpel. Them incision, after which the polyp is removed from the stomach. This method of surgical intervention used in the case, if the formation has more than 30 mm, there are multiple merged polyponic excrescences, is in close proximity to each other, the polyp has a wide foot.

The operation of the following:

  • The patient enters into a state of narcosis.
  • Layers of tissue are excised to gain access to the stomach.
  • With the help of a scalpel removes the growths along the lining.
  • The removed material is sent for histological examination.
  • Excised tissue sutured in layers.
  • The patient is removed fromthe state of anesthesia.

This method of surgery is considered the most dangerous in terms of complications. The wound may be infected, in addition, there is a risk of collapsed lung tissue, heart failure, development of pneumonia, thrombosis , and intestinal obstruction.

Gastrectomy

This method of surgery is the most traumatic and leads to the development of many complications. Therefore, there are strict indications for its implementation:

  • The polyp is very large or multiple growths are detected.
  • Polyps recur repeatedly.
  • The tumor was neroserial or her trapped leg.
  • Education is a cause of intestinal obstruction.
  • There is a high risk of degeneration of the tumor.
  • The polyp has already degenerated into a cancerous tumor.

During the operation removed not only education, but also part of the damaged organ. After the procedure the patient may experience serious complications, among which in the first place there is the dumping syndrome. The patient is suffering from severe weakness, nausea and vomiting, it increases heartbeat. The most dangerous complication is cancer of the part of the body that remained intact after resection.


Diet after removal of a polyp in the stomach

After was performed the procedure to remove the tumor, the patient needs a diet aimed at restoring the body. If it was an endoscopic procedure, generally, rehabilitation does not take much time. Complete recovery of the mucosa of the body will occur after a period of 10 to 40 days.

The refusal of food is only necessary in the first days after the intervention. Then the patient should follow an appropriate diet, the diet should include products, providing chemical, thermal and mechanical irritation. This will allow faster to organize the work of the digestive system.

During the recovery period it is prohibited to include in the diet:

  • From cereals under the restriction falls only semolina.
  • Of flour products, is to abandon any fresh baked goods, from cakes and pastries, from muffins and fried pies.
  • Of meats in the diet should include lamb, pork and beef, and fatty varieties of birds(duck and goose).
  • The first dish should not be spicy or salty, so it is not necessary to consume kharcho soup, Solyanka and other soups on the broth of fat meat.
  • Some vegetables and fruits are also forbidden for consumption. Among them, peas and cabbage, radish and radish. Do not eat figs, plums and grapes.

  • As for eggs, they don't fry it.
  • Banned all meat products, canned foods, and marinades. It should be possible to relieve the diet of the lack of hot sauces, and any food additives.
  • You cannot add to the dish, the margarine and the butter is under the limit. As for milk, you can drink, if not hypersensitive, fat product should not be high.

Products that after surgery on the stomach and can include in the diet:

  • Boiled porridge, which will fit cereals: buckwheat, rice, oatmeal.

  • Of flour products allowed crackers without sugar, unsweetened app cookies, dried bread.
  • Soups have to be cooked or even without meat, or on weak meat broth.
  • As for meat products, it is possible to include in the diet of the chicken breast, veal, rabbit and Turkey.
  • Allowed bananas and apples, also under the ban do not fall squash, the beets (once a week), carrots, pumpkin and cauliflower florets.

  • Sometimes it is possible to include in the diet pasta ham and diet of rabbit or poultry.
  • The eggs are boiled or prepared as an omelet, but for a couple.
  • You can eat sour curds, sour cream (low-fat), yogurt and kefir.