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What is the urine analysis according to Nechyporenko?

Urine analysis according to Nechyporenko called a kind of laboratory tests of urine, which is its sediment microscopy to determine the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and cylinders in the unit volume (1 ml). This analysis differs from the General clinical research urine greater specificity. It is prescribed in case of detection of pathological changes in the overall analysis to exclude or confirm renal disease.


How to collect urine analysis according to Nechyporenko?

Because the study of urine on Nechiporenko is considered a specific study on the basis of which make serious conclusions about the state of the kidneys. Preparing for it should be, respectively:

  1. Heavy exercise the day before the study should be excluded. The same goes for spicy and fried foods, emotional stress, food and dyes affecting urine color, drugs. The body needs to be in a state of relative functional rest;

  2. Is not necessary to conduct the research in the period before, during and immediately after menstruation. This can lead to false results. The same applies to diagnostic procedures on bladder (cystoscopy, catheterization);

  3. Direct collection of urine should be preceded by hygienic procedures with a thorough cleaning with warm water genitals;

  4. Prepare a clean plastic container or other packaging. The main thing that it was closed with a lid;

  5. Direct fence of urine is produced by collecting only one urine, which is released in the middle of the process of urination. This means that the initial portion of the urine released into the bowl and immediately substituted under a stream of containers for collection. Finish the act of urination is also not in a container and into the toilet. For the analysis, it is sufficient only 20-25 ml.


What is the normal urine test?

Normal levels of urine analysis according to Nechyporenko include:

  1. Leukocyte cells to 2000 cells in 1 ml of urine;

  2. Erythrocytic cells to 1000 cells in 1 ml of urine;

  3. Cylindrical cells up to 20 hyaline casts.


Transcript of analysis of urine on Nechiporenko

An important element of any diagnostic studies is not only the correctness of its conduct, and competent evaluation of the indicators. Depends on correct diagnosis and therapeutic strategy for each patient.

Analysis indicators

The diagnostic procedure determines the cellular composition of urine. It changes above normative parameters occur only in the pathology of the excretory system. Consider the following:

  1. The white blood cells. These cells belong to the immune and must be present in the blood and urine at a certain concentration that speaks of the normal protective properties of the body. If you are registering an increasing number of these cells in the urine, this suggests increased migration to the kidneys, that is direct evidence of the presence of infection and inflammatory process;

  2. The red blood cells. These cells should not penetrate into the urine. But, since man is in constant motion and not all cells are the same size, periodically isolated red blood cells leak through the kidney barrier or the blood vessels of the inner surface of the urinary tract. The increase in the number of red blood cells in the urine is evidence of any lesion of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys, or mechanical irritation of the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. Obligatory condition of red blood cells – fresh or leached cells. It says a lot about;

  3. Cylinders. They represent a kind of protein casts in the renal tubules. Their base is a protein that does not have time to reabsorbiruetsa in the blood from the primary urine. The settling on it of white blood cells, salts and other cellular elements of urine leads to the formation of a kind of congestion in the renal tubules. As they are washing away they are excreted in the urine. The cylinders may be hyaline, granular, epithelial, erythrocyte, waxy. It all depends on their appearance and structure, which is determined by the nature of the pathological processes in the renal tissue. Normal in the urine can determine the cylinders, but only hyaline series.

The results of the analysis

If deviations from the norm of indicators of the General analysis of urine was not confirmed it by microscopic analysis according to Nechyporenko, it shows the errors of the fence and is an indication for re-exploration, but after more careful preparation. In those cases, when obtained in the analysis according to Nechyporenko, a higherestablished norms, it speaks of renal disease or paths monotoca. Indicators that correspond with their normal values, especially confirmed by repeated studies, rule out any renal pathology.

Bad analysis

Under this concept refers to obtaining deviations from the norm of any of the indicators of the analysis of urine on Nechiporenko. What could it be and what diseases is caused by displayed in the table.

Leukocyturia above 2000/ml

  1. Pyelonephritis;

  2. Kidney stones;

  3. Glomerulonephritis;

  4. Cystitis;

  5. Prostatitis and vesiculitis in men;

Hematuria is above 1000/ml

  1. Stones, crystals, kidney and bladder;

  2. Malignant neoplasms and polyps of the kidneys and bladder;

  3. Cancer of the prostate;

  4. A heart attack is the kidneys;

  5. Injuries of the kidney and urinary tract;

Leached erythrocytes:

  1. Nephrotic syndrome;

  2. Renal involvement in hypertension;

  3. Toxic nephropathy;

  4. Acute and chronic glomerulonephritis;

Cylindruria of hyaline above 20/ml

  1. Acute and chronic pyelonephritis;

  2. Glomerulonephritis in acute and chronic form;

  3. Kidney disease for hypertension;

  4. Systemic administration or overdose of diuretics;

Granular casts in any quantity

  1. The active phase of glomerulonephritis;

  2. Poisoning by salts of heavy metals;

  3. Malignant primary or pyelonephritis on the background of urolithiasis;

  4. Hydronephrosis on the background of structural adjustment of the kidneys;

  5. Viral, bacterial infection;

  6. Any intoxication;

  7. Connective tissue disease systemic and autoimmune nature;

Waxy cylinders in any quantity

  1. Nephrotic syndrome;

  2. Amyloidosis of the kidneys;

  3. Any disease of the kidneys, accompanied by their organic changes;

  4. Chronic renal failure;

Epithelial cylinders in any quantity

  1. Viral infection;

  2. Internal poisoning and intoxication;

  3. Acute necrotic process of the renal tubules;

  4. Overdosing of nephrotoxic medications;

Erythrocytic cylinders in any quantity

  1. Krizova for malignant hypertension;

  2. Infarction of the kidney with thrombosis of renal arteries and veins;

  3. Acute glomerulonephritis;

  4. Injuries to the kidneys.

Leukocytes and red blood cells in Nechiporenko

If the presence of an excess of the number of cylinders in the urine analysis according to Nechyporenko only evidence of kidney damage, the changes of leukocytes and erythrocytes may indicate diseases of the paths of flow of urine:

  1. Disease renal pelvis;

  2. The defeat of the ureters;

  3. Diseases of the bladder;

  4. Pathology of internal genital organs in men (prostate, seminal vesicles).

Diseases of the urethra are not included in the list of those that can be identified in the analysis of urine on Nechiporenko, since the first portion of urine passing all cellular elements from the urethra, not going.

Importance of the study of leukocytes. Pyuria (when the number of leukocytes in 1 ml of urine exceeds 2,000 cells) may have varying degrees of severity. Ifleukocytes are so numerous that it is not possible to calculate, say about pyuria (pus in urine). Such changes indicate a pathological process of an inflammatory nature in the kidneys or ways of monotoca. The more white blood cells is defined, the more inflammation.

It can be:

  1. Pyelonephritis – inflammation of kidney and renal pelvis complex;

  2. Inflammation of the ureter when stones penetrations;

  3. Inflammation in the pelvis or bladder against the background of the presence of stones in them;

  4. Cystitis – inflammation of the mucosa of the bladder;

  5. Latent glomerulonephritis – inflammation of the renal parenchyma of non-infectious origin;

  6. Abscess of the kidney and paranefrit – suppurative diseases of the kidney and perirenal tissue.

Importance of the study of red blood cells. The increase in the concentration of red blood cells urine in her study on Nechiporenko is called hematuria (when the number of erythrocytes in 1 ml of urine greater than 1000 cells).

It can be represented by:

  1. The microhematuria is a slight increase in the number of erythrocyte cells relative to normal figure. Urine is not visually changes its color;

  2. A gross hematuria – red blood cells are so numerous that to count very difficult. Such urine is red color;

  3. Fresh erythrocytes. This means that they retain their structure and similar to those that can be seen by microscopy of blood;

  4. Leached erythrocytes – red blood cell is destroyed cells that can be represented by individual fragments of red blood cells;

It is essential to decide on a specific kind of red blood cells. Because fresh red blood cells in the urine are always talking about their active prepodavanii through the destruction of the renal barrier or the damage to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. This is possible with toxic lesions of kidneys, glomerulonephritis, kidney stones, ureter and bladder, decaying tumors of these organs.

Leached erythrocytes indicate that their source is kidney or long-existing, bleeding from the mucous membranes of the urinary tract. In the second case will be registered not only leached erythrocytes, but also fresh.