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Bronchial asthma in children

Due to the deterioration of the environment and significant growth respiratory infections children's immunity is greatly reduced. This is more common for children with bronchial asthma and various allergic reactions.

Asthma is a chronic disease caused by inflammation of the Airways and, as a result, spasm of the bronchi, which begin to secrete large amounts of mucus. This prevents the normal passage of air through the respiratory tract. Bronchial asthma is divided into two types:

  • atopic (allergic);

  • Autopista (non-allergenic).

The first type of asthma can be induced allergen particles: dust, pollen, certain foods, cat or dog hair, perfume and so on. In children in 90% of cases it occurs atopic form of the disease. Autopijaca is quite rare and occurs only in the case if the child's body has extreme sensitivity to infectious allergens.

Asthma has three forms of severity of the disease:

  • easy;
  • moderate;
  • heavy.

Depending on how hard and how often the seizures occur, it is necessary to use certain means to their relief. In most cases, children suffering from such illnesses as bronchial asthma, have had this disease since birth in their genes. For every 100 asthmatics have at least 60, having a family member suffering from the same disease. In addition to heredity aggravates the health of a bad environment, which is affecting the genes of the child.

Contents:


Signs and symptoms asthma in children

In children in time to make the correct diagnosis, bronchial asthma, can be difficult. This is because quite often, the disease has the same symptoms as the common cold, viral respiratory disease. Often parents do not realize that some symptoms talking about a much more serious illness than a simple cold.

However, in bronchial asthma in children no fever, even ifcough frequent and dry, without expectoration. Themselves before the onset of symptoms or signs of asthma are usually a few days come the harbingers. Their duration each child is different. At this time, the children are often angry, scared, are in constant agitation, trouble sleeping.

The precursors occur in the following way:

  • initially the baby after a night's sleep from the nose begins to stand out watery mucus, which the child often sneezes, rubs his nose;
  • after a few hours starts slightly dry cough;
  • after lunch or after his NAP, the cough becomes much stronger, but slightly moist (in children older than 5 years, the cough becomes more humid towards the end of an asthmatic attack);
  • the symptoms appear only after 1-2 days, when the cough is paroxysmal in nature.

    • After the precursors over, symptoms of an attack.

    The main symptoms of bronchial asthma in children the first year of life:

    • strong dry cough, often paroxysmal occurs immediately after sleep or before it;
    • the cough may become less if a child is to give a vertical position or plant. When you return to the horizontal position again, the cough becomes intense;
    • shortly before the attack, the baby is very cranky, crying due to nasal congestion;
    • shortness of breath;
    • breathing becomes irregular, and the breathing frequent and short. Inhaled and exhaled air is accompanied by a whistling and noise.

    Children older than one year in addition to the above signs also have the following symptoms:

    • strong pressure in the chest, inability to make a full inhalation;
    • when you try to breathe through the mouth there is a strong dry cough;
    • itching, skin rashes or watery eyes – typical symptoms of asthma;
    • prolonged dry cough without sputum;
    • cough starts under the same conditions (a pet nearby, the use of any paints on the street or being at home, visiting the library, the presence of a fresh bouquet of flowers home, etc.).

    Parents should be careful when such symptoms of the child, monitor the body temperature. This is necessary in order to fully be surethat cough is not caused by a cold. If the child's asthma is severe, the attacks can occur during the day.


    Causes of asthma in children

    The main reason why there are asthma attacks is the bronchial hyperreactivity in children, they too sharply react to various stimuli, especially allergenic in nature.

    All the reasons why disease develops, are divided into several groups.

    Internal factors at the genetic level and condition:

    • Sex. Among children with asthma get sick more often boys. This is due to the specific structure of the respiratory system and bronchi. The lumens of the bronchial tree in boys is much narrower than in girls;
    • Large child's weight or obese. Asthma develops in such children more often because of the higher position of the diaphragm, lung ventilation at this location is insufficient for normal breathing. Therefore, children who are overweight are more likely to suffer dyskami and asthma;
    • Heredity. If the child in the family or someone from the family suffers from asthma or allergies, then the risk of such illness in a child significantly increases.

    The impact of external factors:

    • Food. Mostly nuts, dairy products, citrus, chocolate, honey and fish;
    • Mold or dampness on the walls of the apartment;
    • Wool Pets;
    • Allergens that cause an asthma attack when hit in the bronchi of the library or house dust;
    • Pollen. Inhalation of particles of blooming flowers or trees, often in such asthma is seasonal;
    • Some of the drugs. Certain antibiotics, aspirin.

    Triggers – the causes that result in the spasm of the bronchi:

    • exhaust gases;
    • excessively cold or dry air;
    • strong physical exertion causes shortness of breath;

    • viral infections, colds;

    • cleaning products, household chemicals;
    • a strong perfume.

    Asthma attack in a child

    Parents are very important time to recognize an attack of bronchial asthma in your child and to stop it as quickly as possible. To do it right, you need to take the following important steps.

    Listen to your child:

    • Be sure to respond to any complaints about breathing problems or chest pain. The older children have already faced similar attacks can tell you, when it becomes hard to breathe or just breathe;
    • If the child complains of pain in the chest, do not leave it unattended. When asthma attack, children may feel that their breast something is compressed. Soreness of the chest is the result of obstruction of air through the respiratory tract and increase the pressure in the lungs;
    • Always remember that children are young of age or those who never experienced asthma attacks not always be able to tell you about the shortness of breath or pain. The child may be frightened and withdraw, to hide from you that something is wrong, be ashamed not to be able to explain new experiences. Listen to your children what they tell you or what trying to say.

    Analyze the breath of a child:

    • Note respiratory rate, at rest it is about 20 breaths in 60 seconds. If the child is breathing more often, ask whether it was hard for him to breathe, if there are any problems with breathing;
    • See when breathing whether the child to do some effort to make a breath. During normal breathing the child's shoulders should not rise, and also be drawn from other muscles. Pay attention also to the position of the baby, he tries to take the most comfortable position for breathing (Crouch, rests his hands on the table in front of him with elbows in different directions);
    • Please note, when the child takes a breath, does he have muscle contractions just below the ribs. Such "involvement" occur in a short breath when the incoming amount of air in them cannot fill the necessary space;
    • During an attack when breathing in the nostrils of the child are greatly enlarged to enable more air out. Most often, this symptom is common in babies under one year who can't tell mommy what is bothering them;
    • Listen, whether there is wheezing with breathing of the child. During an asthmatic attack occurs whistling or hissing sound, accompanied by a small vibration. Wheezing can occur during the exhalation and inhalation in mild and moderate course of the attack. In case of severe – onlyon the exhale;
    • The presence of dry cough also tells about the asthma attack. It creates pressure in the bronchi due to which the airway slightly open, allowing some time to breathe more or less normally. If frequent cough predominates at night – it says a light attack. While prolonged cough speaks of a protracted attack.

    Rate the appearance of the baby:

    • During an asthma attack, most children look the same way as during a cold, painful. Therefore, seeing the poor condition of the child, pay attention to it and listen to what it tells you your maternal instincts;
    • Asthma all forces of the body aimed at restoration of breathing, so the skin at this time can become sticky from sweat and pale. This is due to the insufficient saturation of blood with oxygen;
    • In severe attack the skin around the mouth and nose of the child may acquire a bluish color. This, in turn, indicates a strong lack of oxygen, the child's condition requires immediate emergency medical care.

    Help your child:

    • If the asthma attack is not the first, the home must be the inhalers, which are aimed at relief of the attack. A child must be the person who can assist with preparation or call the adult who will be able to do it;
    • In the first attack be sure to consult your doctor to he examined the child and prescribed the necessary medication;
    • If the attacks are severe, requiring hospitalization and medication.

    Asthma treatment in children

    Chronic bronchial asthma in a child are currently no medicines to cure it is impossible. Despite the constant development of medicine there is no cure. There are only drugs that can stop an attack, to destroy the allergen in the body. Moreover, drugs are prescribed for adoption in several stages, with a gradual increase in the dosage of the active substance. The dose of the drug depends on the severity of asthma attacks.

    Any treatment should be under the strict supervision of a physician. He makes a decision to increase or decrease the dosage of drugs.

    Drugs for the treatment of asthma

    Modern drugs for the treatment of this disease are divided into several groups:

    • symptomatic;
    • base.

    The first group is used to relieve spasm of bronchial tubes and free passage of air through the Airways (bronchodilators). These include funds that use emergency care for asthma attack to enable a person to breathe properly. Drugs are used only as needed, but not as prophylaxis.

    The second group of drugs designed to relieve inflammation, removal of the allergen from the body (Cremona, holinoblokirutuyu and antileukotriene drugs, glucocorticoid hormones). These funds are intended for ongoing treatment or prevention of asthma attacks. Unlike the first group they do not have an immediate effect on the spasms of the bronchi and does not relieve dyspnea. Basic drugs aimed at minimizing inflammation in the bronchi, the suppression of it, as well as reducing the number of asthma attacks or their complete cessation.

    Anti-inflammatory drugs are usually taken for quite a long period of time. The result from the reception of basic drugs appears not immediately, but only after 2-3 weeks of continuous treatment.

    Glucocorticoid hormones, no matter what form they are taken (tablets or injections) have many undesirable side effects:

    However, modern technologies allow to create new drugs that more effectively impact the disease, side effects from them are minimal, almost reduced to zero. Inhaled glucocorticoids for today are the best preparations of local action. It's quite a large group of drugs that are made from synthetic materials that are produced in the form of inhalers or nebulizers.

    In the treatment of bronchial asthma inhaled glucocorticoids helped to make a really good step forward. They are well tolerated by almost all children do not have a large list of side effects, do not cause allergic reactions, do well on the treatment of asthma. They can apply not only children but also adults.

    In addition to aerosols, there are also other treatments for asthma:

    • special physical training;
    • respiratory gymnastics with the use of special equipment;
    • acupuncture, electroacupuncture and othermethods of reflexotherapy;
    • a variety of salt mines, gala chambers, and the like.

    On topic: the Method by which is possible to achieve remission in 76% of cases

    Organize specialized schools that children suffering from asthma attacks should visit during treatment. In these institutions the child will tell about prevention of attacks, demonstrating the proper techniques of breathing can help you learn about the medications needed for treatment and cupping, and will help you choose the correct and most effective treatment and diet.


    Prevention of asthma in children

    In order to make the asthma attacks maximum rare, in addition to the immediate treatment needed and prevention of the disease. This refers to the immunity and improve the General condition of the child. Prevention will be a mandatory measure in cases where the child has a predisposition to asthma at the genetic level.

    What you need to do to prevent diseases:

    • Breast-feeding children from the first days of life and at least until 1 year. If breastfeeding, the mother can't or is forced to terminate, then blend feeding you must choose carefully after consulting with a pediatrician;
    • Lure you need to enter only when it is allowed by the doctor. Begin to introduce new products in a strict sequence with the requirements of a pediatrician, to avoid allergenic foods (chocolate, honey, citrus, nuts);
    • Try to rid the house of excess "dust collectors": carpets, heavy curtains, tapestries. Books try to keep in a glass bookcase and not on the open shelves;
    • Not to have Pets, to avoid allergic to Pets. Try to abandon even the seemingly harmless aquarium fish, because in dry food, which should feed them, can have a strong allergenic substances;
    • Blankets and pillows should be hypoallergenic fillings;
    • Home use only hypoallergenic detergents and cleaning products;
    • As often as possible ventilate the room in calm weather;
    • Daily do wet cleaning without auxiliary cleaning agents;
    • Hardening is a good way to boost immunity and improve health.

    In addition, for a child is very important warm anda favorable atmosphere in the family. It is important for children to feel care and support from their parents, and from this disease will attack much less likely.