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Causes and symptoms of cysts of the brain

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A brain cyst is a common and dangerous disease which needs timely detection and quality treatment.

A cyst is a bubble of liquid, which can be located in any brain region.

Most of these cavities are formed in the web "the grid" that covers the cortex of the hemispheres, as its delicate layers are the most vulnerable to various inflammations and injuries.

This disease may be asymptomatic, or to cause the patient's pain and unpleasant feeling of pressure.

In the case of a precise diagnosis, the patient must comply with all recommendations of the doctor and, if necessary, to agree to the surgery.


Signs and symptoms of cyst of brain

As a rule, the cyst can be in a variety of sizes. Small formations usually do not manifest themselves, and larger ones can exert pressure on the meninges, resulting in the patient is experiencing certain symptoms:

  • impaired vision or hearing;
  • headaches, is not amenable to relief medicines;

  • insomnia;

  • coordination disorder;
  • partial paralysis of the limbs;
  • mental disorders;
  • the hypotonia or hypertonicity of the muscles;
  • noise in the ears;

  • loss of consciousness and convulsions;

  • numbness of the skin;
  • pulsation in the head;
  • nausea and vomiting, not bringing relief;

  • lameness;
  • the sensation of pressure in the brain;
  • involuntary movements of the limbs;
  • ripple Fontanelle and vomiting in infants.

It should be borne in mind that the clinical picture largely depends on wherelocalized education, as each part of the brain controls certain body functions. In addition, the occurrence of symptoms significantly affected by the fact what area of the brain the cyst puts pressure. For example, the formation encountered in the area of the cerebellum may cause problems with balance, change in gait, gestures and even handwriting, and its appearance in areas responsible for motor and swallowing functions, will cause difficulties in these areas. In addition, the cyst generally may not manifest itself for a long time, and only be detected during the tomography study.

If the patient has no of the above symptoms of the disease, and the size of the cyst did not change, its presence may be quite did not affect his normal life, and it is enough will be limited to regular medical examinations. However, if education starts to increase, this may be an indication that the disease progresses and the patient needs treatment.


Causes of cyst of brain

First, consider how appears a cyst in the brain. In the space between the parietal and temporal lobes is a liquid, which, after a man was injured, suffered a complicated disease or surgery, may be collected near the matted layers of the meninges, replacing, thus, the dead areas. If fluid has accumulated too much, it can put pressure on these layers, whereby is formed a cyst, and the patient is experiencing headaches.

Let us consider what reasons can cause this disease:

  • congenital disorders associated with an anomaly of the fetal development;
  • contusions of the brain, haematomas and fractures;
  • parasitic infection;
  • encephalitis;

  • meningitis;

  • degenerative and dystrophic transformations, resulting in the replacement of brain tissue, cystic tissue;
  • the disruption of blood circulation in the brain.

If you do not identify the root cause of the cyst, it may continue to increase in size. Its changes can be associated with the following factors:

  • ongoing inflammation of the meninges;
  • fluid pressure on a dead part of the brain;
  • the concussion of the brain;
  • the blood circulation;
  • the emergence of new areas of lesion after stroke;
  • infectious disease, consequences of neuroinfections, encephalomyelitis, autoimmune process, and multiple sclerosis.


Consequences than dangerous brain cyst?

If an accurate diagnosis the patient will not be delivered on time and he won't prescribe the right treatment, it can lead to adverse consequences. Consider what can be dangerous this disease:

  • impaired coordination and motor function;
  • problems with hearing and eyesight;
  • hydrocephalus manifested by excessive accumulation in the ventricles of the brain cerebrospinal fluid;
  • encephalitis;
  • fatal.

As a rule, small entities not causing pain, are found in the diagnosis of other diseases cured with the help of drugs without any complications. Large cyst, adverse effects on brain structures, which are located near them, usually require removal surgically.

Patients who had detected the disease should not only deal with its treatment, but also to comply with certain precautions: do not SuperCool; to protect against viral infections, which can lead to complications; to avoid situations that cause sudden changes in blood pressure, as well as to give up such harmful habits as alcohol abuse and Smoking.


Types of cyst of brain

This disease is classified into several types, each of which has its own characteristics and is characterized by certain symptoms. In modern medicine, the appearance of the cyst is not pathology, but rather just an anomaly, in most cases do not pose a threat to life. However, this mainly refers to the congenital formations is asymptomatic.

Primary cysts usually appear due to violations of fetal development or after the death of brain tissue due vnutrirodovoe asphyxia. Acquired education develop after inflammatory processes, bleeding, or bruises. In addition, they can be localized between departmentsof the brain, or in its thicker in areas of dead tissue.

Arachnoid cyst of the brain is its surface, between the layers of the shells. A cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid, can be congenital and occur under the influence of various factors. Most often it occurs in children and male adolescents, and in women, occurs much less frequently. As a rule, to its emergence lead to various infections and injuries. If the pressure in this formation is higher in intracranial pressure, the cyst begins to squeeze the cerebral cortex.

The increase of arachnoid cysts may be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, convulsions, hallucinations. It can become bigger due to the fact that it increases the pressure of the fluid or because the patient has ongoing inflammation of the meninges. If there is such a disease the patient must consult a doctor, as a ruptured cyst can lead to death.

Retrocerebellar a brain cyst is a cavity filled with fluid, which is localized in the affected region. In contrast to the arachnoid of education, it occurs not outside, but deep in the brain as a result of cell death of gray matter. In order to prevent further destruction of the brain, it is necessary to determine the reason why the cells died. To provoke the appearance of this education may stroke; surgery on the brain; cerebrovascular insufficiency; trauma or inflammation, e.g., encephalitis. It should be borne in mind that new infection foci and mini-strokes can also cause the growth of cysts. In addition, it may increase due to the fact that the brain continues poor blood circulation, as well as an outbreak of infections that have a devastating impact.

Subarachnoid cyst of the brain are usually detected in the MRI. As a rule, such formations are congenital and found by chance during diagnostic procedures. In order to evaluate its clinical significance, it is necessary to carefully check the patient, the presence of certain symptoms. This disease can be such symptoms as cramps; a feeling of instability or throbbing inside the skull.

If retrocerebellar a brain cyst starts to progress and grow, but also accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, in this case, you may need surgery.

Pineal brain cyst is a cavity with liquid, which is formed in the areathe connection of the hemispheres, the pineal gland, directly affecting the endocrine system. The main reasons for its appearance can be factors such as hydatid disease or obstruction of the excretory ducts that lead to the violation of the outflow of melatonin.

Pineal cyst of the brainarising in the pineal gland, is considered a rare disease, it can lead to metabolic disorders, vision and coordination. In addition, it often becomes a cause of the development of hydrocephalus and encephalitis.

A cyst of the pineal gland of the brain manifested by symptoms such as headache, disorientation, drowsiness, double vision and difficulty walking. If the patient has no of the above symptoms, it is likely that such education will not increase. This disease is found in the pineal body in approximately four percent of the people undergoing CT examination of the reasons are quite different.

As a rule, in the first stage of this disease doctors use drug treatments and constantly monitor the dynamics of its development, and if the disease started, education to eliminate it surgically. In the presence of pronounced symptoms the patient should consult a doctor to avoid various complications, for example, of dropsy, which may develop as a result of fluid accumulation.

A cyst of a vascular plexus of the brain constitutes, in most cases, benign neoplasm, which appears at a certain stage of fetal development. Usually such a cyst dissolves independently and is not a pathology. However, sometimes it can appear in newborns as a result of complications during pregnancy and childbirth or injury of the fetus infection. In some cases, this education can lead to pathologies in other body systems.

In order to identify in infants, the presence of cysts, doctors perform a procedure known as neurosonography, which is completely harmless to the baby. In adults the disease is usually diagnosed with ultrasound examination.

Subependymal cyst may occur in infants as a result of violations of brain blood circulation and insufficient oxygen supply. The disease is considered more serious, and requires constant monitoring by doctors.

Livorna a brain cyst – is education that occurs between the sticky meninges. Its appearance is usually associated with inflammatory processes; strokes, meningitis, injury orsurgery. As a rule, this disease may well be diagnosed only in adulthood, as in the early stages of development of a cyst is not well expressed, so it is difficult to identify. Typical symptoms include nausea and vomiting; loss of coordination; mental disorders; convulsions, and partial paralysis of the limbs.

Lacunar cyst in the brain is usually formed in varoliev the bridge, in the subcortical nodes, and more rarely in the cerebellum and in the optic protuberances, separated by a white substance. There is a perception that they are the result of atherosclerosis or age-related changes.

Panencephalitis a brain cyst occurs deep in his tissues as a result of infections. This disease can lead to very serious consequences, for example, lizenzfrei or hydrocephalus.

Colloidal cyst appears during fetal development and is congenital in origin. There is also a version that she has a hereditary character. Its main feature is that it blocks the outflow of fluid from the brain. This disease can progress without any symptoms throughout a person's life or be accompanied by such symptoms as headaches; seizures; high intracranial pressure or weakness in the legs. The symptoms of this disease usually appear in adulthood. It should be borne in mind that in some cases the cyst may trigger the development of diseases such as cerebral hernia, hydrocephaly, and cause of death.

Dermoid cyst is usually laid in the first weeks of fetal development inside the womb. In its cavity contained several elements of ectoderm, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Such education may grow rapidly, so we recommend its removal surgically to avoid adverse effects.

Treatment of cyst of brain

As a rule, treatment of cysts is assigned only after a complete diagnostic examination, which is performed by means of computer or magnetic resonance tomography, allowing to see clear outlines of the formations, determine their sizes, and the degree of exposure to the surrounding tissue.

Shouldkeep in mind that the presence of such cavities is not necessarily associated with cancer and usually responds well to treatment. After MRI study, the patient is administered a special contrast agent that allows you to determine what exactly is in his brain a cyst or a malignant tumor. MRI is recommended repeatedly, to continuously monitor the dynamics of the disease.

In order to prevent in a patient an increase in cysts and the occurrence of new formations, it is necessary to identify the cause of their appearance. To this end, the experts assign various studies that help you to figure out what triggered the appearance of the cyst: infection, autoimmune disease or circulatory disorders. Let us consider the most common diagnostic methods:

  • The Doppler study. This procedure is performed in order to identify, not constricted vessels that supply arterial blood to the brain. Violation of blood supply can lead to the emergence of foci of destruction of the brain substance, resulting in cysts.
  • Examination of the heart, ECG. This diagnostic method is carried out to detect heart failure.
  • A blood test for cholesterol and clotting. As a rule, increased cholesterol and high blood cause clogging of blood vessels, which in turn can lead to such disease, like a brain cyst.
  • Blood pressure checks. Monitoring is carried out using a small device that the doctor writes in the patient's BP on the memory card, and then all the information is read by the computer. If the person has the pressure rises, there is a possibility that it can cause a stroke and the emergence of post-stroke formations.
  • A blood test for infectious and autoimmune diseases. This survey is carried out in cases where there is suspicion of arachnoiditis, infection, or multiple sclerosis.

Methods of treatment of cysts of the brain are selected on the basis of reasons which it originated. Extra help is usually necessary in the following cases:

  • recurrent seizures;
  • hydrocephalus;
  • rapid increase in the size of cysts;
  • hemorrhage;
  • the defeat of brain structures located near the cyst.

As a rule, static cysts of the brain do not require intervention, and dynamic are treated withmedicinal and surgical methods.

Traditional treatment involves the use of various drugs, the main purpose of which is to eliminate the causes of disease. Doctors can prescribe patients medication that resolves adhesions, such as calpain or longidasa. In order to restore blood flow, they prescribe drugs to lower cholesterol concentration, normalization of blood pressure and blood clotting.

To provide brain cells with the necessary amount of oxygen and glucose with the help of nootropics such as picamilon, pantogram, instenon. To make cells more resistant to intracranial pressure will help the antioxidants. In addition, sometimes used immunomodulatory, antibacterial and antiviral, in which the need arises in case of detection of autoimmune and infectious diseases.

The appearance of arachnoiditis signals first and foremost that the patient's immune system is weakened, it is therefore necessary to rebuild the protective forces. In order to match a consistent and safe rate of immunomodulatory and anti-infective treatment, you need to take a blood test. As a rule, all medications are assigned to courses with a duration of about three months, with repetition two times a year.


Removal of cyst of the brain

Radical treatment of the cyst in the brain suggests its removal by surgery. For this purpose, the following methods:

  • Bypass. This method of treatment is through the drain tube. Via the device by emptying the cavity, causing its walls begin to subside and "overgrown". However, keep in mind that when using this method increases the likelihood of infection, especially if the shunt will be a long time to be in the skull.
  • Endoscopy. Such operations to remove the cyst with punctures, usually pass without complications. They are associated with a small proportion of injuries, but they have certain contraindications, such as not recommended for patients with low vision. In addition, this method is not applied for each type of cysts.
  • Craniotomy. This operation is effective enough, however, we must note that it is very high risk of injury to the brain.

For the treatment of newborn infants in pediatric neurosurgery are conducting similar operations, but onlyif the cyst progresses and increases, with the result that there is a risk for the development of a child's life. In the process of surgery is computer monitoring, which enables doctors to monitor their progress and quickly make the right decisions.

Thanks to the surgical intervention can avoid many of the adverse consequences which may be caused by a cyst in the brain, such as mental disorder, developmental delays, headaches, and loss of speech, sight or hearing. If after the operation the patient has no complications, he is hospitalized for about four days, and after discharge from the hospital, he must pass from your doctor for regular checkups.

Timely treatment of this disease in most cases can prevent recurrence and reduce the risk of various complications, especially if you go to the clinic, which uses modern medical equipment and staffed by professional and qualified specialists.