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Types of parasites in the human body

Parasites that can live in the human body, there are so many. They are found worldwide, but the most common of these are worms, parasitic in the human intestine (worms). However, parasites can live in the human body almost anywhere: in the lungs, liver, brain, eyes, under skin, etc.

Almost every day at risk of becoming infected because the parasites are surrounded by people everywhere: they lay their eggs and larvae in water, in earth, in air, in foods.


The types of parasites

The most common types of parasites:

Pinworm

Pinworms – the most known human parasites that inhabit the intestines. The disease, which causes pinworms is called "pinworms". It affects not only people, but apes. At increased risk of infection pinworm children are present. According to various sources, the level of their involvement in the enterobiasis in pre-school age is from 25 to 90%.

Pinworms are passed from one person to another. Contamination occurs via the hands, clothing and any items that touched a sick person, provided that, after contact was made, washed hands, and eggs of pinworms came in her mouth (this is especially true during the meal). Transferring the eggs of these worms-nematodes may flies and cockroaches, asemenea their food. Pinworms live in the small intestine, the cecum, the colon. They mate in the ileum, after which the female through the rectum crawls out of the anus and lays eggs in the anus.

Symptoms of pinworms are itching in the anal area, the intoxication of the organism (allergic reactions, exhaustion, fatigue), anemia, increase in the level of eosinophils in the blood, insomnia, pain in the abdomen.

In order to get rid of pinworms, use of antihelminthic drugs, e.g. Pyrantel, Dekaris, Worm, Vermoxum,Piperazine, Nematol etc., Dosage and course of treatment the doctor selects.

To avoid reinfestation, it is important to keep hands clean, wash them after visiting any public places, after using the toilet, before eating, etc. Nails need short cut, carefully disinfect bedding and underwear, to do daily wet cleaning in the apartment.

Read more about pinworms.

Toxocara

Toxocara is a parasite from the group of nematodes. The disease, which causes Toxocara is called "toxocariasis". This invasion of a person may be the larva (visceral and ocular) and intestinal. The disease is widespread throughout the world.

Toxocaral infection occurs by ingestion of eggs of worms in the human digestive tract. This most often occurs when eating food or water contaminated by feces of dogs. No less dangerous contact with sick animals. Natural media Toxocara are cats and dogs, foxes and wolves. Once in the human body, the larvae of the worm migrate through the blood vessels and may settle in any organ. It will depend on the symptoms of the disease.

Most often toxocariasis manifests itself in the form of allergic reactions (angioedema, skin rashes, bronchial asthma). During the exacerbations there may be an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees, but the symptoms of intoxication in this poorly expressed. Suspected toxocariasis can be enlarged lymph nodes.

  • The visceral form of toxocariasis is the most common, occurs with a lesion of internal organs (intestine, respiratory system, heart valves). A person may experience abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium, dyspepsia, nausea.
  • With the defeat of the respiratory system in humans there is a shortness of breath, dry cough, asthma.
  • If Toxocara settle on the heart valves, the patient has weakness, bluish discoloration of the fingers and nasolabial triangle, shortness of breath.
  • For cutaneous form characterized by itching, feeling the stirring beneath the skin, inflammation of skin and mucous membranes .
  • If the neurological form of the parasite triggers the development of inflammation of the meninges and the brain tissue. This manifests itself in headaches, nausea and vomiting, convulsions and other neurological disorders.

For the treatment of toxocariasis use anthelminticdrugs (Mebendazole and Albendazole), and perform pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.

Read more about toxocariasis.

Ascaris

The human Ascaris is a round worm, parasitic in the small intestine. The disease that provoke these parasites, termed "ascariasis".

The master of roundworm and the source of infection is a sick man. Along with its feces the eggs of worms enter the soil where they Mature to larvae. Then this soil is transferred to the food or on the hands of man, and the poor personal hygiene and poor handling of fruit, vegetables and berries – in the digestive tract. Increasingly infection vulnerable children and rural inhabitants.

Ascariasis manifests itself in different phases of their development in different ways. A phase of larval migration through the body is an increase in body temperature, there is a dry cough, rales in lungs, increase in size the lymph nodes. Children suffer ascariasis harder than adults. A characteristic symptom of ascariasis are allergic skin reactions.

While parasitism in the intestine, the patient developed dyspepsia, diarrhea is replaced by constipation, frequent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. From the nervous system are observed hysterical fits, insomnia, mental fatigue, headaches.

To treat ascariasis in the stage of larval migration, patients are administered drugs such as Thiabendazole, Levamisole. During parasitism of the worms in the intestines of patients prescribed Pyrantel Dekaris, Mebendazole, Piperazine.

Read more about Ascaris.

Ancylostoma and necator

Ancylostoma and necator are two species of roundworms that belong to the family Ancylostomatidae and provoke the disease under the name "hookworm".

There are two ways of infecting the human body these parasites is fecal-oral (contaminated water, fruits, vegetables) and dermal contact with soil (penetration occurs through the skin).

Clinical symptoms of hookworm disease: papular-vesicular rash, shortness of breath and cough, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia with iron deficiency.

Treatment is reduced to appointmentanthelmintic drugs (Pyrantel, Vermoxum, Levamisole), and to the elimination of anemia with iron preparations.

A tapeworm

A tapeworm refers to tapeworms from the squad Pseudophyilidea. These parasites live in the small intestine of man and those mammals that consume fish. Intecom infection provokes the development of diseases such as difillobotrioz. There are 12 types of tapeworms that can parasitize in the human body, however, the most common is a tapeworm.

Infection occurs by eating uncooked or raw salted fish or caviar, which contains worm eggs.

Symptoms of the presence of the parasite in the intestine: nausea, abdominal pain, anemia. In severe cases developing intestinal obstruction.

For getting rid of the parasite, patients are administered Praziquantel or Niclosamide. After completion of the therapeutic course mandatory to repeat the study for the presence of worm in the body. If necessary, repeat the anthelmintic drugs.

Read more about diphyllobothriasis.

Beef tapeworm (tapeworm)

Beef tapeworm is a tape worm, belongs to the family of tineid. In the larval stage affects cattle and stage of the tapeworm lives in the human body (in the intestine). The specimen provokes the disease called "beef tapeworm infection", usually in the patient has one parasite.

Human infection occurs through the alimentary after eating poorly thermally processed meat (beef).

Clinically the disease is manifested by nausea, excessive appetite, pain in the abdomen, unstable stool, allergic reactions on the type of urticaria.

For removing bovine tapeworm from the body most often assign Fenasal (less Biltricid). In parallel, the patient should be followed uncindery diet, put a cleansing enema, take laxative drugs. After use of anthelmintic means the worm dies and leaves the human body in a natural way. Sometimes the length can be up to 12 m.

More about bullish Zane.

Pork tapeworm

Pork tapeworm belongs to the parasitic tapeworms that infect mammals animals. The intermediate carriers can be pigs, dogs, rabbits, camels, but the target host is always the people. If the human body detected by the adult parasite, talking about this disease, as taeniasis. When the parasite is in the body of the patient in the larval stage, the disease is called "cysticercosis".

The pork tapeworm infection occurs by eating raw meat of pigs. Sometimes cysticerci are sources of contamination of hands or water. The patient teniasis is an epidemiological threat to himself (infestation of larvae in the brain, skin, eyes or skeletal muscles) and others.

Symptoms of teniasis: abdominal pain, appetite loss, irregularity, headaches, frequent dizziness, fainting (very dangerous taeniasis brain and eyes).

For the treatment of teniasis patient placed in a hospital. Under control doctors prescribed him antihelminthic drugs (Praziquantel, Niclosamide), then after 2 hours the patient takes a saline laxative that allows you to get rid of the segments and eggs of the worm. For the treatment of cysticercosis eyes and brain surgical intervention is necessary.

Read more about pork cane.

Echinococcus

Echinococcus is a tape worm from the order of cyclophyllid. Adults are parasitic in the intestines of dogs and cats, occur in jackals and wolves. For humans the larvae of parasites that can cause serious disease – echinococcosis.

The larvae can infect the internal organs, forming them into hydatid cysts. People for echinococcal acts as an intermediate host. Infection by contact (in the process of butchering, the interaction with sick animals) or alimentary infections (when used in a contamination of food or water). At risk are people engaged in farming or having a permanent contact with the animals.

Symptoms may not appear for many years. When the asymptomatic stage ends, in place of the introduction of larvae, there could be pain, itching, possible manifestations of urticaria. In addition,suffer functioning of the body, inside of which parasitizes the larva of Echinococcus. The increase in body temperature and fever is observed during the suppuration of the cyst.

Full cure of echinococcosis is possible only surgically. The cyst husk, being careful not to damage the shell. If the blister is large, then perform the puncture and the sucking of the contents. Before and after the surgery the patient is prescribed the intake of anti-parasitic drugs: is Praziquantel, Albendazole or Mebendazole. In the case of radical removal of the cyst, the prognosis for recovery is favorable.

Read more about echinococcosis.

Alveolar

Alveolar is worms from the group of cestodes. The worm cries out threat to human life alveococcosis disease, which is characterized by the formation of the primary tumor in the liver with subsequent spread of metastases in other organs.

Infection occurs by ingestion in the mouth of the oncospheres of the parasite. This can happen during a hunt, in the process of butchering wild animals, contact with Pets, by eating the raw berries and herbs from the forest.

Symptoms of alveococcosis are reduced to pain in the right hypochondrium, belching, nausea. There is often itching, allergic reactions. It is not excluded suppuration of the tumor with the parasite and its breakthrough in the peritoneal or pleural cavity. Metastases of alveoli can be detected in the brain and in the lungs.

The treatment of the disease rapid, but must be supplemented by the reception of antiparasitic drugs (Levamisole, Mebendazole).

Giardia

Giardia (another name Giardia) is a parasite of the genus of flagellates related to the order of diplomonad. Giardia provoking a disease called "giardiasis" and parasites in the small intestines of humans and many other mammals, creatures and even birds.

Giardia infection occurs by the fecal-oral route: food, water and contact-household ways. The greatest value in terms of transmission is consumption of raw water, contaminated food, use of public objects, contamination of cysts of Giardia.

Leading symptoms of giardiasis are nausea, pain in the abdomen, violations of the chair excessive secretiongases. In addition, patients suffer from allergic reactions, intoxication and neurotic disorders.

Therapy of giardiasis is performed by using Antiprotozoal drugs (Tinidazole, Metronidazole, etc.), as well as inclusion in the treatment regimen of enzymes, choleretic means and chelators.

Read more about giardiasis.

Histological amoeba

Histological amoeba is a protozoan parasite which causes a disease called "amoebiasis". Disease manifests itself by the formation of ulcers in the large intestine with the subsequent defeat of other internal organs.

Infection with amoeba occurs by the fecal-oral route, after Mature cysts from water or food fall into the gastrointestinal tract of man. The possible contact transmission of the parasite through unwashed hands. Carriers of the amoebas can be flies. Another method of distribution of amebiasis is sex (anal sexual intercourse).

Symptoms of amoebiasis: an abundant mucous stool, abdominal pain, blood in the stool, weight loss, anemia. In addition, for extraintestinal amebiasis is characterized by the formation of abscesses in those organs which are affected by parasites (lung, brain, liver, etc.).

For the treatment of intestinal amebiasis is prescribed Tinidazole, Metronidazole, Ornidazole. If the patient has intolerance to Metronidazole, then it is replaced with an Erythromycin or Doxycycline. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of amebiasis.

Gnathostoma

The disease is called "gnathostomes" cause larvae and adult nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum.

Infection occurs by eating raw meat of fish, frogs or birds, and by drinking unboiled water neobespechenie.

Symptoms are manifested in cough, and pain in the site of entry of larvae under the skin, local inflammation and fever. Characterized by severe swelling and itching. As a rule, after a week of the manifestation of the symptoms they disappear but recur again for many years. Dangerous loss of the eyeball and brain, it often ends in death.

Treatment involve administration of anthelmintic drugs (most often prescribed to Albendazole), and surgery. During the operationthe removal of parasites from under the skin.

Trichinella

Trichinella are parasitic round worms, which in the larval stage live in the muscles (extraocular, masticatory, muscles of the diaphragm), and into adulthood – in the lumen of the small intestine. The disease that provoke Trichinella, called "trichinosis." It is deadly.

Human infection occurs by eating raw or poorly processed meat of wild and domestic animals.

The symptoms of the diseases include loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Later joined by muscle pain, swelling of the eyelids, skin rash, body temperature increased to 40 degrees.

Treatment for parasitic infestation is carried out using Mintezol, Vermox, Albendazole. At the same time prescribe antihistamines, as required, and corticosteroids.

Read more about trichinosis.

Shistosoma

Shistosoma are worms-flukes of the genus of trematodes. They provoke the disease called "schistosomiasis". Human infection occurs during bathing, in the process of washing clothes or watering the earth with water and larvae of schistosomes. They are able to penetrate the human body even through a holistic skin and mucous membranes.

Symptoms in the acute stage of the disease are manifested in the temperature increase to high marks, itching and appearance of papules all over the body. Once the disease enters the chronic stage, the infected may be signs of vaginitis, prostatitis, colitis, ascites, hydronephrosis, etc.

For the treatment of disease using anthelmintic drugs: Niridazole, Praziquantel, Metrifonate and so surgery is required when complications of urinary schistosomiasis.

Parasites that can cause harm to the human body, there are so many. Most of them penetrate into the body of their host through the gastrointestinal tract when non-technology safe cooking and failing to observe basic hygiene procedures.