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Antibiotics for colds

Attention! The article does not specify contraindications and side effects of antibiotics! Before applying you should consult with your doctor and read the instructions!

A list of the strongest antibiotics of new generation

Contents:

Sumamed

Antibacterial agent from a number of macrolides. The active substance – azithromycin. In the treatment of complicated respiratory diseases is an alternative drug for second-line.

Advantages:

  1. A very broad antibacterial spectrum of action;

  2. Active against atypical pathogens;

  3. Rarely causes disorders of the stomach and intestines;

  4. Rarely causes resistance in microorganisms;

  5. The course duration is just 3 days;

  6. A single daily reception;

  7. Cumulative effect – effect for weeks after taking the last tablet;

  8. Used as alternatives in case of allergic reactions to other antibiotics;

  9. Available in all dosage forms (tablets, capsules, powder for preparation of oral suspension and intravenous injection).

Disadvantages:

  1. Relatively high toxicity compared to other antibiotics;

  2. Limitation of admission for diseases of the liver and kidneys;

  3. Contraindications for ingestion during pregnancy and lactation;

  4. In pediatric practice used for limited indications;

  5. Can not be introduced intramuscularly.


Cefaclor

Cephalosporin antibiotic of the 2nd generation. Trade name and active substance are identical.

Advantages:

  1. High activity against most bacterial respiratory infections, such as gram-negative sticks (Moraxella, Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus, Klebsiella) and gram positive (staphylococci, streptococci), anaerobic pathogens;

  2. The relatively rare occurrence of antibiotic resistance in sensitive microorganisms;

  3. The low number of allergic reactions compared to other cephalosporins.

Disadvantages:

  1. Manufactured exclusively in the form of a preformed medium and granules for oral suspension. The injectable forms do not exist;

  2. The relative expensiveness of the drug in comparison with other members of the cephalosporin;

  3. The need for three daily doses;

Cefamandol

One of the preparations of the second generation cephalosporins. Has a powerful bactericidal effect, in connection with which the indications for the treatment of colds, they rarely occur.

Advantages:

  1. A wide range of antibacterial action, including major pathogens, is activated on the background of catarrhal diseases of any localization;

  2. Absolute resistance to beta-lactamase of the pathogenic microorganisms, which makes the drug effective in any case its application;

  3. Can be an alternative to any other cephalosporin in resistance of pathogens or allergic reactions.

Disadvantages:

  1. The drug is quite expensive;

  2. There are only injecting itforms, which limits its use;

  3. In connection with the rare designation is not implemented by all pharmacies;

  4. Like all antibiotics cephalosporins 2nd generation, requires three ingestion a day.

Yunidoks Solutab

Drug from the group of tetracycline antibiotics. As the basic active substance contains doxycycline.

Advantages:

  1. The drug has a prolonged bacteriostatic action. So it's perfect for the treatment of recurrent infections on the background of cold;

  2. Range sensitive yunidoks, agents includes a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative rod-shaped and coccal microorganisms, protozoa, anaerobes, and atypical pathogens;

  3. Well tolerated;

  4. Practically does not cause dysbiosis.

Disadvantages:

  1. Exclusively manufactured in tablet form, which excludes the possibility of sequential therapy;

  2. Reception is limited in pediatric practice (children up to 8 years);

  3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Cefuroxime

Is a cephalosporin antibiotic of the family of the 2nd generation of active ingredient similar to the drug name.

Advantages:

  1. Excellent antibacterial effect against almost all possible causes, which can be activated on the background of cold;

  2. It is an alternative antibiotic in case of ineffectiveness or contraindications to any cephalosporin antibiotic, as it has an antimicrobial effect even in a relationship, is not sensitive to cephalosporins, strains;

  3. Good tolerance and rare side effects.

Disadvantages:

  1. Requires full Board of administration;

  2. Issued only in injectable preparations;

  3. Like all antibiotics of the cephalosporin of the 2nd generation regardingexpensive.

Rulid

A macrolide antibiotic of new generation, containing roxithromycin as a basic substance.

Advantages:

  1. Has a fairly narrow spectrum of antibacterial action, limited major pathogens of respiratory infections and inflammatory processes of the ENT organs. This allows you to use it as a primary or alternative antibiotics in complicated colds;

  2. Very resistant to acidic environment of the stomach that allows absorption of almost all of the used dose;

  3. Rarely causes disorders of the intestine in the form of dysbiosis, as it is practically inactive against gram-negative flora living in the intestine;

  4. The need for only two or a single daily intake.

Disadvantages:

  1. Enough high nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity;

  2. The existence of only tablet forms;

  3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding;

Amoxiclav

Belongs to the group of semisynthetic protected aminopenicillins. Is a amoxicillin, potenzirovania klavulanova acid.

Advantages:

  1. A mild bactericidal action in combination with a wide antibacterial spectrum against almost all gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Therefore, the drug can be used for their activation in any organ in the background of the common cold;

  2. Resistance to the action of strains produced beta-lactamase;

  3. The possibility of use as both therapeutic and preventive medicine. This makes it a first-line drug in any cold sore;

  4. Low toxicity in relation to the internal organs;

  5. The possibility of using, if necessary, in pregnant women and nursing mothers;

  6. Wide application in pediatric practice;

  7. The relative cheapness and availability of the drug;

  8. The existence of all forms of introductiontools that allows you to use it as a means of sequential therapy.

Disadvantages:

  1. Very frequent development of intestinal disorders and dysbiosis, which is associated with a wide indiscriminate antibacterial action;

  2. Frequent allergic reactions.

Cefoxitin

Cephalosporin second generation. As the active component contains cefoxitin.

Advantages:

  1. Antibacterial spectrum represented a primary effect on hemophilic Bacillus and gram-negative intestinal pathogens resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins staphylococci;

  2. Resistant to microbial beta-lactamase, making it an alternative antibiotic;

Disadvantages:

  1. As a therapeutic and preventative agent against colds is rarely used in connection with specificity of action;

  2. Exhibits a toxic effect on the kidneys;

  3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation;

  4. Requires full Board of administration;

  5. Available only in injectable form.

Lincomycin

Drug family lincosamides. Active substance the same with the name of the drug.

Advantages:

  1. Selective bacteriostatic action against gram-positive cocci. This feature allows it to be used when resistant to other antibiotics, chronic infections, which can worsen amid cold;

  2. The cheapness and availability of the drug;

  3. The presence of preformed and injectable forms.

Disadvantages:

  1. May not be appointed as the first line;

  2. Requires three - or 4-fold introduction to the day;

  3. Toxic effects on the liver and kidneys;

  4. Contraindicated for use in pediatric and obstetric practice.

Cefoperazone

Is one of the representatives of the 3rdgeneration cephalosporin. Active ingredient – cefoperazone.

Advantages:

  1. Fast bactericidal effect;

  2. Excellent activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative cocci and rods, including sensitive to other antibiotics;

  3. To achieve a therapeutic effect is sufficient to only twice daily administration;

  4. Can be used both as a primary and alternative means for the treatment of complicated colds;

  5. Good tolerability;

Disadvantages:

  1. The existence of only the injectable forms;

  2. The relative high cost of the drug compared with similar products of cephalosporins.

Ceftazidime

An antibiotic of the cephalosporin of the third generation of the same active substance.

Advantages:

  1. A wide spectrum rapid bactericidal action;

  2. Special activity against the main respiratory pathogens, which often can be activated on the background of colds;

  3. Good tolerability;

  4. The possibility of using alternatively the ineffectiveness or intolerance to other cephalosporin or penicillin antibiotics;

Disadvantages:

  1. The relative high cost of the drug;

  2. The lack of tablet forms;

  3. Limited use in children and pregnant women.

Cefotaxime

Considered one of the most commonly prescribed cephalosporins of the third generation. The active substance is Cefotaxime.

Advantages:

  1. Broad antibacterial spectrum of action;

  2. Good tolerability;

  3. The minimum number of side effects;

  4. The cheapness and availability of the drug;

  5. The possibility of use as a prophylactic antibiotic or the first line in the cold, complicated by infectious processes;

  6. Possibility of use in Pediatrics and obstetrics.

Disadvantages:

  1. Very often resistant microorganisms, which is associated with wide dissemination and use of Cefotaxime;

  2. The existence of exclusively injectable forms of administration;

Latamoxef

Very rare cephalosporin antibiotic belonging to 3rd generation. The active substance is the same with the name of the drug.

Advantages:

  1. A wide range of actions with a special strengthening it against Haemophilus influenzae and other respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus;

  2. Good tolerability;

  3. The possibility of using an alternative drug in case of intolerance of any strong antibiotics when you need a good antibacterial effect.

Disadvantages:

  1. Expensive;

  2. In the absence of wide pharmacy network;

  3. The restriction of admission of children and pregnant women;

  4. The lack of tablet forms.

Cefixime

Cephalosporin facility of the third generation.

Advantages:

  1. Very broad spectrum antibacterial, bactericidal action;

  2. The existence of multiple analogues, which contain the active substance cefixime;

  3. Use in Pediatrics;

  4. Can be used as the drug of choice or alternative when complicated by infections, and colds.

Disadvantages:

  1. The lack of injectable forms;

  2. The toxic effect on the liver and kidneys expressed in greater extent in comparison with analogues of cephalosporins of the 3rd generation.

Cefpodoxim

Alternative preformed antibiotic third-generation cephalosporins with the same active substance in its composition.

Advantages:

  1. High bactericidal activity against major respiratory and other gram-positive and gram-negative microbes;

  2. Good tolerance and rare allergicreaction;

  3. The use in pregnancy and in children;

  4. One of the few cephalosporins of the third generation, produced in the form of tablets.

Disadvantages:

  1. The lack of injectable forms;

  2. Not common in a broad pharmacy network;

  3. The lack of analogues.


Spiramycin

Antibacterial agent some macrolide with bacteriostatic mechanism of action.

Advantages:

  1. High activity against main pathogens involved in chronic infections in the background of any of the common cold;

  2. Gradually increasing and long-lasting, cumulative effect. The drug acts even after its cancellation;

  3. The presence of all forms of introduction, that gives an opportunity to use it as your primary and alternative means for infections of any severity.

Disadvantages:

  1. Relatively high toxicity against the kidney and liver;

  2. Limitation of acceptance in paediatric practice;

  3. Contraindication of use during pregnancy and lactation;

  4. Can not be introduced intramuscularly. Only intravenous infusion.

Rovamicin

Is a macrolide antibiotic branded analogue spiramizina, which acts as its active ingredient.

Advantages:

  1. Like any macrolide antibiotic, has a good and wide bacteriostatic action, including atypical pathogens;

  2. Due to the high degree of purification can be used by pregnant women, but only if there is strong evidence;

  3. The presence of tablets with different dosages.

Disadvantages:

  1. No injectable form of the drug;

  2. Rarely used as first-line drug in complicated infections, the common cold.

Clarithromycin

Semi-synthetic macrolide. Has a bacteriostatic effect.

Advantages:

  1. Antibacterial activity against most pathogens of the respiratory tract and other locations;

  2. Good tolerability;

  3. The possibility of use in pediatric practice;

  4. The relative cheapness and availability of the drug in any pharmacy;

  5. There are many analogues containing clarithromycin;

  6. Good tolerability.

Disadvantages:

  1. The need to double the intake in a day (some macrolides are taken just once a day);

  2. The lack of injectable forms;

  3. The restriction of admission during pregnancy in connection with toxic effects on the fetus.

The roxithromycin

A semisynthetic analogue of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Has a bacteriostatic effect, slowing the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Advantages:

  1. The predominant activity against gram-positive pathogens, allowing it to be used as first-line treatment for complications of colds, various diseases of ENT-organs;

  2. The presence of tablets and powder for suspension preparation, allowing you to use it in pediatric practice.

Disadvantages:

  1. Not distributed in pharmacies;

  2. Increased hepato - and nephrotoxicity;

  3. On a background of reception often causes nausea.

Klacid

Corporate analogue of a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin. Has bacteriostatic effect.

Advantages:

  1. A very wide range of antibacterial action against rod -, coccal flora, both gram-positive and gram-negative, and atypical pathogens;

  2. High degree of purification of the active ingredients;

  3. High concentration and a preferential accumulation in the lung tissue and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, making it a first-line drug oralternative antibiotic for complications of colds infections of these sites;

  4. Widespread in the pharmacy network;

  5. The availability of packages with different dosages and number of pills.

Disadvantages:

  1. No injectable forms of administration;

  2. Incompatibility with many medical drugs.

Fuzidin

Not available in the original under the same name. Preparation containing fuzidin – futsidin.

Advantages:

  1. Very strong bacteriostatic action, which allows you to use the drug in cases of especially lengthy and severe infections;

  2. The spectrum of action against microorganisms sufficiently targeted and includes resistant to antimicrobial therapy staphylococci and other gram-positive pathogens;

  3. Is the only alternative antibiotic in adults and children, who is appointed under strict indications.

Disadvantages:

  1. Quite expensive;

  2. Side effects and toxic effects on internal organs;

  3. Strictly contraindicated in pregnancy due to apparent toxic effect on the liver of the fetus.

Avelox

Powerful antibacterial drug from the group of the latest generation of fluoroquinolones. Is a proprietary analog of moxifloxacin, which acts as the active substance.

Advantages:

  1. Powerful and rapid bactericidal effect;

  2. High activity against almost all known bacterial and non-bacterial, and atypical pathogens with the exception of viruses;

  3. The creation of high concentrations in all tissues and cavities of the body;

  4. Predominant renal excretion, which allows its use in kidney infections in the background of the common cold;

  5. Availability of injectable forms and tablets that allows you to use the drug in a step therapy.

Disadvantages:

  1. Toxic effects on the liver and kidneys, which limits its application in the case of destruction of these organs;

  2. Toxic effects on the growing organism, therefore the drug is contraindicated in pediatric practice;

  3. The inability intramuscular injection;

  4. On the background of the drug often causes nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant feelings.

Moxifloxacin

Original generation fluoroquinolone drug 4 generation with a bactericidal action type.

Advantages:

  1. Broad antibacterial spectrum against, is complicated by various infections, colds;

  2. A single dose of a daily dose;

  3. The relative accessibility in terms of price if necessary, the use of highly active antibiotics.

Disadvantages:

  1. Rather high toxicity and side effects;

  2. Contraindicated for use in pediatric and obstetric practice;

  3. The lack of injectable forms. But moxifloxacin can be replaced by other branded analogue containing this active substance (Avelox).

Ciprofloxacin

Belongs to the antibiotic family of fluoroquinolones of the 2nd generation.

Advantages:

  1. Broad antibacterial spectrum of action;

  2. A relatively small number of side effects;

  3. Good tolerability;

  4. The availability of injectable and tablet forms;

  5. The cheapness and availability in the pharmacy network;

  6. Can be used as a first-line drug for infections of any location on the background of colds.

Disadvantages:

  1. Despite the soft action and minimal side effects, is contraindicated in pediatric and obstetric practice;

  2. Can not be introduced intramuscularly;

  3. Requires double doses (some fluoroquinolones are introduced only once a day).

The effects of antibiotics

It is importantremember! Any antibiotics are not effective for banal cold and therefore never assigned. Indications for their reception occur only in cases complicated its course in the form of infectious-inflammatory processes of any localization. A special risk group are persons with chronic diseases of microbial nature.

The result of taking antibiotics may be not only a complete deliverance from the problem, but the unintended consequences of their destructive action on the tissues of the body.

They can be due to:

  • Appointment of antibacterial therapy is not on the testimony;

  • Incorrect selection of a specific preparation;

  • The presence of contraindications or cautions in patient that have not been considered in the drafting of treatment plan;

  • Support the wrong dose, the multiplicity of rules of acceptance;

  • Toxic effect and additional active components of the antibiotic;

  • Individual intolerance or reaction to any antibacterial agents;

  • The death of normal microflora, which antibiotic works just as well as on pathogenic micro-organisms;

  • A weakening of immune forces of organism;

  • Activation of conditionally pathogenic flora on the background of these changes.

  • The possible effects of antibiotic therapy given in the form of a table:

    Allergic reactions and individual intolerance

    1. Hives and allergic rashes;

    2. The increase in body temperature to critical numbers;

    3. Vomiting on a background of application of antibiotic.

    Neurotoxic effects

    1. Headache;

    2. Dizziness;

    3. Mental disorders and hallucinations;

    4. Violation of coordination of movements.

    Bowel irritation and damage to normalmicroflora

    1. Pain in the abdomen;

    2. Bloating;

    3. Dysbiosis;

    4. Loose stools;

    5. Pseudomembranous colitis.

    Immune disorders

    1. Secondary immunodeficiency;

    2. Adrenal insufficiency;

    3. Fungal lesions of the mucous membranes.

    Toxic damage of internal organs (hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity)

    1. The growing evidence of hepatic or renal insufficiency, when present in patients;

    2. Deterioration of urine;

    3. The appearance of yellowness of the skin;

    4. Enlargement of the liver;

    5. Increased liver and kidney samples in the biochemical analysis of blood;

    Toxic effects on the fetus and children

    1. Intrauterine teratogenic effect on the fetus;

    2. Broken and razvitiie growth of children;

    The defeat of the blood system

    1. Anemia;

    2. Leukopenia;

    3. Thrombocytopenia.


    Shown in the table, the effects of antibiotics are considered to be possible. This means that they can develop only in some cases. To avoid such situations, you should not self-medicate with antibiotics, allowing their uncontrolled reception. We must remember that to assign them exclusively qualified.


    aria Alekseeva Y., physician