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Joint disease: types, symptoms and treatment

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Global computerization is increasingly immobilizes humanity. This is detrimental to the musculoskeletal apparatus. Lack of physical activity destroys it.


Ankylosis

Ankylosis is the immobility of the joint due to the fusion of the mating articular surfaces.

The causes of ankylosis:

  • infection;
  • inflammatory arthritis;
  • arthritis;
  • degeneration, prolonged immobility immobility due to gypsum;

  • trauma, for example, intra-articular fracture.

Symptoms of ankylosis:

  • pain;
  • immobility in the joint.

The symptoms increase gradually. At first, the pain only bothers in the morning. Then the discomfort is increasing. Suddenly the pain disappears. This is an indication that deformation of the joint is completed. It is fixed in a flexed, bent or straightened condition.

Treatment of ankylosis

Can be used conservative treatment:

  • gymnastics;
  • massage;
  • chiropractic;
  • physiotherapy;
  • medications: anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, hormones.

Otherwise, the operation is conducted:

  • Redressal;
  • osteotomy;
  • arthroplasty;
  • the endoprosthesis.

Arthralgia

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Arthralgia – pain in the joint. This is a harbinger of the disease or the disease. Appears to start organic damage. Occurs as a result of stimulation of neuroreceptors synovial Bursa. Polyarthralgia covers from more than 5 joints. There is disagreement about whether it is possible to consider arthralgia as a separate disease.

Causes of arthralgia:

The symptoms of arthralgia:

  • pain of a different nature localized or "wandering" on the joints;

  • myalgia– discomfort in the muscles;

  • ossalgia – feeling aches.

The symptoms of this disease are very variable.

Treatment arthralgia

The reception or application of analgesics and elimination of the causes of diseases. To relieve the pain and helps exercise therapy – therapeutic-sports complex, physical therapy.


Arthritis

Arthritis is an inflammation of the joint. Arthritis affects multiple joints simultaneously.

Causes of arthritis:

  • the metabolic disorder;
  • trauma;
  • infection;

  • beriberi;

  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or urogenital system.

The symptoms of arthritis:

  • swelling;

  • permanent pain syndrome;
  • stiffness in the morning;
  • inflammation;
  • hyperemia – redness of the skin;

  • fever.

On topic: All the information about arthritis!

Treatment of arthritis

Anti-inflammatory (Acetylsalicylic acid, Indomethacin, Diclofenac, Brufen) and analgesics (Capsaicin, tylenol, Oxycodone, Methadone, Tramadol), hormones – corticosteroids (Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone).


Arthropathy

Arthropathy is a type of arthritis, is secondary inflammatory disease. It is a triad of signs of a syndrome or disease Reiter along with urethritis and conjunctivitis.

Causes of arthropathy:

  • changes in the level of hormones of pituitary and hypothalamus;

  • Allergy;

  • infection;
  • endocrine diseases;
  • disorders of the nervous regulation.

The symptoms of arthropathy:

  • arthralgia - pain;
  • the asymmetry of the lesion;
  • swelling in the periarticular region.

Treatment of arthropathies

The disease always occurs a second time, compared to other diseases. Therefore, the treatment is directed mainly to the primary disease. After getting rid of the root causes of arthropathy, as a rule, disappears.


Chondrocalcinosis or pyrophosphate arthropathy

Chondrocalcinosis is a type of arthropathy, accompanied by the deposition of salts in the articular cartilage.

Causes chondrocalcinosis not precisely determined, but detected with the following pathologies:

  • hyperparathyroidism
  • hemolytic anemia;
  • primary hyperparathyroidism;
  • hemochromatosis;
  • the hemosiderosis;
  • hypothyroidism;
  • gout;
  • neuropathic arthropathy;
  • renal stone disease;
  • Forestier syndrome;
  • Kronos;

  • diabetes;

  • Wilson's disease;
  • heredity;
  • trauma;
  • surgery.

Symptoms chondrocalcinosis:

  • surface destruction of the articular cartilage;
  • pain syndrome;
  • swelling;
  • limited mobility, morning stiffness;
  • redness;
  • fever;
  • persistent increase in ESR – erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
  • the dysfunction of the joints.

Treatment chondrocalcinosis

Do intra-articular injections with corticosteroids. The salt crystals of calcium pyrophosphate provoke the development of inflammation. Therefore, synovial fluid is washed to remove all threat crystals. Shown physical therapy and massage course.


Ankylosing Spondylitis

Bechterew's diseaseis ankylosing spondylitis or disease Strumpell-spondylitis-Marie.

The cause of ankylosing spondylitis isn't established. Found a linkwith heredity and some chronic infectious diseases.

The symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis:

  • girdle pain, radiating to the spine;
  • the tension of the back muscles;
  • stoop;
  • stiffness;
  • ankylosauria intervertebral joints;
  • stop the growth of breast cells;
  • irity;
  • iridocyclitis – inflammation of the eye;
  • the aorta – inflammation of the wall of the aorta;
  • insufficiency of the aortic valves;

  • pericarditis – inflammation of the lining of the heart;

  • arrhythmia;

  • amyloidosis of the kidney – violation of protein metabolism.

On topic: All information about ankylosing spondylitis!

Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

The cure is not possible. Ease the suffering of the patient with pain relief and reduce inflammation. Applied physical therapy, physical therapy, chiropractic. It is desirable to reduce the physical load and use orthopedic mattress.


The Disease Is Still

Still's disease is a type of arthritis. She appears in children under 16 years of age, and is accompanied by systemic inflammation.

Causes of disease are still not identified.

Symptoms:

  • multiple arthritis;

  • inflammatory changes of synovial fluid;
  • internal swelling of the soft tissues;
  • the accumulation of intra-articular effusion;
  • periarticular osteoporosis;
  • erosion or ankylosis of the bones;
  • lose eye;
  • temperature rise;
  • pain;
  • syndrome of intoxication;
  • the appearance of contractures;
  • stiffness;
  • flushing of the skin, followed by pigmentation;
  • allergic skin rashes;
  • hyperplasia of the lymph nodes;
  • enlargement of the liver and spleen;
  • progressive emaciation;
  • the lag in physical development;

  • muscle atrophy;

  • tachycardia;

  • hypotension;

  • sweating;

  • leukocytosis blood.

The treatment of the disease still

Used medical methods. Additional measures are taken in accordance with the course of the disease.


Infectate or infectious nonspecific polyarthritis

Infectate is a type of arthritis, General infectious-allergic disease.

Causes of invectordata presumably installed:

  • infection;
  • autoimmune tissue destruction;
  • heredity.

Symptoms of invectordata:

  • fever;
  • chills;
  • sweating;
  • weakness;
  • weight loss;
  • decreased performance;
  • acute sievietem;
  • increase and deformation of joints;
  • pain and restricted movement;
  • the temperature rise on the site of the swelling;
  • the muscles in the affected area atrophy;
  • leukocytosis;
  • hypochromic anemia;
  • increased ESR;
  • fibrinogenemia;
  • globulinemia;
  • increased permeability of the capillaries;
  • swollen lymph nodes;
  • appear subcutaneous "rheumatoid" nodules;

  • osteoporosis;

  • narrowing of joint gaps;
  • regional bone growth.

Treatment of invectordata

Pain management analgesics:

  • Acetylsalicylic acid;
  • Paracetamol;
  • Codeine.

Of anti-inflammatory drugs are used adrenosterone and NSAIDs – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These include:

  • Benorilate;
  • Ibuprofen;
  • Naproxen;
  • Piroxicam;
  • Indomethacin;
  • Mefenamic acid.

If you experience problems with the immune system are assigned immunosuppressants, e.g. Azathioprine. Recommended physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Greatly complicating the life of the patient strain is removed via surgery. Often insert artificialimplants.


Periarthritis

Periarthritis is a form of arthritis, inflammation of periarticular tissues:

  • capsules;
  • ligaments;
  • tendons;
  • muscles.

The most common cases of shoulder or of shoulder inflammation.

Causes of periarthritis:

  • traumatic injuries;
  • overload;
  • hypothermia.

The symptoms of periarthritis:

  • pain syndrome;
  • slight limitation of motion in the joint.

Treatment of periarthritis

Immobilization of a joint using a fixing bandage, physiotherapy, anesthesia help to ease the patient's condition.


Gout

Gout is a type of arthritis. The deposition in the tissues of the crystals of urates - salts of uric acid. Gouty nodules – tophi - formed because of violations of kidney function. Most "bumps" appear near the joints.

Causes of gout:

  • unhealthy diet with an excess of offal;
  • alcohol consumption, especially beer;

  • stress;

  • heredity;

  • hypertension;

  • hyperlipidemia;
  • the increased catabolism of purine nucleotides, for example, in antitumor therapy;

  • renal failure.

Symptoms of gout:

  • pain;
  • redness;
  • temperature rise;
  • hyperuricemia – increased uric acid concentration in the blood;

  • obesity, hypertriglyceridemia or hypertension.

On topic: All the information about gout!

Treatment of gout

The patient is placed in a hospital. Inflammation take Colchicine. The drug is effective, but use it with caution. A very dangerous overdose. Can also assign Indomethacin, Naproxen, Phenylbutazone, Etoricoxib. Important and prevention of urolithiasis.


Felty Syndrome

Felty syndrome is a type of arthritis,complication of rheumatoid arthritis. There are differences in what is considered the syndrome: disease or symptom.

The cause of Felty syndrome - rheumatoid arthritis.

The symptoms of the disease:

  • General exhaustion;

  • enlargement of the spleen – splenomegaly - liver - hepatomegaly;

  • portal hypertension;
  • lymphadenopathy – swelling of the lymph nodes;

  • anemia;

  • leukopenia– reducing the number of cells;

  • thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopenia – reduced platelet count;
  • granulocytopenia;
  • brown pigmentation of the skin;
  • the formation of rheumatoid nodules - focal indurations of the skin;
  • "dry" Sjogren's syndrome - degeneration of the secretory and glandular system, accompanied by pathological dryness of all mucous membranes;
  • skin ulcers of the lower legs;
  • polyneuropathy.

Treatment of Felty syndrome

To block process administered medications and plasmapheresis is used. The destruction of the cells is stopped with the help of splenectomy – surgical removal of the spleen.


Sievietes or synovitis

Sievietem is a type of arthritis, inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Causes of synoviorthesis:

  • any infection;
  • repetitive injuries;
  • neuroendocrine and metabolic disorders;
  • allergic and chemical factors.

Symptoms of synoviorthesis:

  • swelling;
  • smoothing of the contours of the joint;
  • increased local temperature;
  • stiffness;
  • tenderness;
  • with the progression of the disease is changing the character of the inflammatory effusion;
  • purulent form is accompanied by a fever.

Treatment of synoviocyte

The patient's joint needs complete rest, it is immobilized by special means. Apply dry heat. If there is excessive accumulation of synovial fluid, conduct of a puncture with lavage.


Spondylitis

Spondylitis is a type of arthritis, multiple inflammation of the intervertebral joints.

Causes of spondylitis:

Symptoms of spondylitis depend on the species:

  • restriction of backbone mobility in the mornings and then in the rest of the time;
  • temperature rise;
  • anemia;
  • Express ROHE - sed rate;
  • progressive ossification of the ligamentous apparatus of the spine;
  • pain radiating to the thigh;
  • atrophy of the muscles of the back;
  • lordosis of the cervical;
  • kyphosis of the thoracic spine;
  • the uneven contours of the sacroiliac joints.

Treatment spondylitis

Saniyede infectious focus. Assigned pyrazolone (Phenylbutazone, Reopirin, Pirabutol) and hormonal preparations (ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone). Also you need physical therapy, massage and physiotherapy.

Arthrosis or osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the joint, leading to its immobility. Synonyms – osteoarthritis, osteoarthritis.

The cause of arthritis - premature aging, wear and tear of cartilage, for example, due to injury, inflammation, dysplasia, or metabolic disorders. Can affect not only the cartilage, but also other parts of the joint. Impaired formation of cartilage cells and bone tissue.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis:

  • severe pain during movement due to thinning of the cartilage layer;
  • tumor;
  • inflammation;
  • reduction of joint mobility - lack of exercise;
  • atrophy of muscles and ligaments;
  • deformation of the joint;
  • softening, dissociation, pitting and thinning of the cartilage;
  • osteosclerosis – an abnormal compaction of the bone;
  • synovitis, accompanied by edema.

On topic: All information on the arthritis!

Treatment of osteoarthritis

After removing the inflammation priority is given to rehabilitation. It is performed with the help of physical therapy and physiotherapy. From medicines in addition to anti-inflammatory drugs and anesthetics are appointed by chondroprotector that activates the regeneration of tissues: Chondroitin sulfate or Glucosamine. In severe cases may require joint replacement.


Hemarthrosis

Hemarthrosis is a type of osteoarthritis, internal bleeding.

Cause of haemarthrosis trauma causing the rupture of blood vessels. In patients with hemophilia a hemorrhage can be triggered even for minor injuries. Such sensitivity is caused by poor blood clotting.

Symptoms of hemarthrosis:

  • the swelling due to internal bleeding;
  • stiffness;
  • pain;
  • fever.

The treatment of hemarthrosis

Provided by the rest of the joint. If the hemorrhage is small enough to fix the limb. Otherwise, the blood is pumped from the cavity and apply pressure bandage. For rehabilitation physical therapy and prescribe physical therapy. If the result of tissue damage in the joint discovered the loose fragments, badly damaged ligaments or the meniscus, surgery is arthroscopy. This surgical procedure is carried out endoscopically. "Joint mouse" - an abnormal particle, Outlook – is removed with the help of tools, this requires a second puncture. Sometimes the joint is replaced with prosthesis. A compulsory period of rehabilitation because the patient's limb immobilized for a long time.


Hydratron

Hydratron is a type of arthrosis, with dropsy of the joint.

Causes of hydrarthrosis:

  • trauma;
  • infection;
  • dissecting Legg – inflammation of the cartilage;
  • Bechterew's disease;
  • syphilis;
  • allergic reaction.

Symptoms of hydrarthrosis:

  • a significant increase in the size of the joint, changing its exterior contours;
  • pain;
  • fluctuation;
  • expansion of the joint space.

Treatment of hydrarthrosis

The joint is immobilized. To remove exudative fluid is puncture. Get rid of the disease very difficult. Frequent relapses. In rare cases, radiation therapy. The site of the lesion is subjected to ionizing radiation. Virtually untreatable hydratron intermittent - intermittent hydrops of the joint.
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Gonarthrosis is a type of osteoarthritis that affects the knee.

Causes of primary osteoarthritis is unknown, and secondary occurs after trauma or as a result of developmental impairment of the joint.

Symptoms of osteoarthritis:

  • pain and crunch with loads;
  • morning stiffness;
  • lameness;
  • swelling;
  • the destruction of the cartilage;
  • degeneration and deformity of the joint.

On topic: All information about osteoarthritis!

Treatment of gonarthrosis

In addition to traditional complex of anti-inflammatory and painkillers will be prescribed drugs that replace the synovial fluid. The patient is recommended to use a walking cane, orthosis, orthotics.


Coxarthrosis

Osteoarthritis is a type of osteoarthritis that affects the hip joint.

Causes of osteoarthritis:

  • genetic predisposition;
  • old age;
  • obesity;
  • traumatic injury;
  • canine hip dysplasia.

Symptoms of coxarthrosis:

  • discomfort in the pelvic area in the morning;
  • pain, aggravated by physical activity;
  • stiffness;
  • inflammation;
  • buildup of bone spurs is osteophytes.

On topic: All the information about the hip!

The treatment of coxarthrosis

Articular cartilage disappears and the bones RUB directly against each other. In the absence of therapy the patient becomes lame. He can't walk without a cane, crutches or Walker. Modern medicine allows only to stop the progression of the disease. To relieve inflammation and relieve pain Ibuprofen is assigned. Slightly improves the situation surgery is arthroplasty. The endoprosthesis is inserted. Mandatory rehabilitation program.


Osteochondrosis

Osteochondrosis is a form of arthritis involving degeneration of the articular cartilage.

Causes of osteoarthritis:

  • inactivity, weakness of muscles from lack of exercise, respectively, the constant overload of the spine;
  • flat feet;
  • obesity;
  • violation of posture, for example, due towearing heavy bags on one shoulder;
  • heredity;
  • infection;
  • intoxication;
  • metabolic disorders;
  • aging;
  • injury;
  • excessive physical load;
  • wearing the wrong shoes;
  • pregnancy;

  • depression;

  • Smoking.

The symptoms of osteochondrosis:

  • pain in various parts of the body;
  • numbness and aching in the limbs with their gradual atrophy;
  • limited movement;
  • muscle spasms;
  • vertebral artery syndrome;
  • the displacement of the intervertebral discs;
  • the defeat of the nerve roots.

On topic: All information about degenerative disc disease!

Treatment of degenerative disc disease

The disease is incurable. Using traditional methods, facilitate the well-being of the patient. With the emergence of intervertebral hernia performed the operation.


Pseudo - or newartriot

Pseudarthrosis is the formation of a new joint. The tumor may occur at the site of an old injury or his appearance will provoke surgeons where necessary the joint. This operation is carried out for the elderly. False joint may be congenital or acquired.

The causes of pseudarthrosis:

  • a long-existing dislocation or intra-articular fracture;
  • congenital dislocation of the hip;
  • palliative surgery.

The symptoms pseudarthrosis:

  • painless mobility in the former site of the injury;
  • the lack of fusion fragments;
  • immobility of the limbs;
  • bone marrow channels overlap end plate;
  • formed cartilage and the false capsule of the joint.

The treatment of pseudarthrosis

Persistent bone defect can be cured only by surgery. "Loose" joint is removed to promote healing of the inserted homotransplantation.


The spondylosis or facet arthropathy

The spondylosis is a type of osteoarthritis, aging of intervertebral joints.

Causes of spondylosis:

  • increased pressure on the vertebrae;
  • a reduction in the productionsynovial fluid;
  • posture;
  • congenital anomalies of the spine;
  • injury;
  • the metabolic disorders;
  • flat feet.

The symptoms of spondylosis:

  • persistent pain in the back;
  • the formation of osteophytes;
  • gait disturbance;
  • immobility and fusion of vertebral joints;
  • spondylosis is the formation of bone spikes.

Treatment of spondylosis

Necessary manual correction (in the initial stages of the disease), chondroprotective treatment. If inflammation, additionally appointed anti-inflammatory drugs. Muscle spasms removed muscle relaxants and acupuncture. The benefits and traction therapy - spine traction, for example, using a mechanical bed. Can be used physiotherapy.


Epicondyles

Epicondyles is a type of arthritis that affects the elbow joint.

The reason epicondylosis - monotonous hand movements, for example, in some sports.

Symptoms epicondylosis:

  • constant pain of varying strength in the hand;
  • symptoms Thompson and Welch.

Treatment epicondylosis

Anesthesia is performed by injection of anesthetics: Novocain or Lidocaine. Used and physical therapy.


Canine hip dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a congenital dislocation of the hip.

The cause of hip dysplasia - abnormal development of the fetus in utero.

The symptoms of hip dysplasia:

  • asymmetry of skin folds in case of unilateral pathology;
  • shortening of the thigh;
  • the symptom of "click" Marx-Ortolani;
  • limited abduction of the hip.

Treatment of hip dysplasia

Be sure to use the locking orthopedic devices. But they should not restrict the child's movement. The key to success in the treatment in the early stages. Daily exercises with a special set of exercises. Shown massage. In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary.


Bursitis

Bursitis is an inflammation of periarticular bags.

Causes of bursitis:

  • excessive load on the joint;
  • trauma;
  • inflammatory and autoimmune diseases;
  • the metabolic disorders;
  • calcification;
  • violation of the integrity of the skin;
  • allergies;
  • intoxication.

Symptoms of bursitis:

  • the accumulation of fluid and inflammatory fluid;
  • pain syndrome;
  • limited movement;
  • deposits of lime salts in the walls of the bag;
  • swelling;
  • redness;

  • raising the local or General body temperature to 40°;

  • General malaise, weakness;
  • nausea;
  • lymphadenopathy is an increase the surrounding lymph nodes.

Treatment of bursitis

The therapeutic course includes the suppression of inflammation with antibiotics, anesthesia, immunity, physical rest, massage and physiotherapy. If conservative treatment fails, a surgery. Bursa is opened and clean or remove partially/completely.

On topic: All information on bursitis!


Hygroma

A ganglion cyst is a fluid accumulation in synovial bag.

Causes of hygroma:

  • tenosynovitis – inflammation of tendons;
  • bursitis;
  • injury;
  • repetitive movements that require muscular exertion.

Symptoms:

  • the appearance of foci of hemorrhage and necrosis in the walls of the bag;
  • increased pain with increase of the tumor;
  • venous stasis;
  • when compressed nerve root is numbness: hyperesthesia or paresthesia Vice versa;
  • the phenomenon of fluctuations.

On topic: All the information about the ganglion cyst!

Treatment hygroma

Conservative methods rarely yield results, so the tumor is removed surgically. Bursectomy does not take much time.


Synovioma or synovioma

Synovioma is a lump on the joint. It can grow from the wall of the synovial sheath, vagina or bags. Malignant sarcomas are formed in any place of the body, even where there are no joints.

Causes synoviomais not precisely determined. There is speculation about its genetic conditions. Identified a weak relationship with the injuries and physical strain.

Symptoms synovioma:

  • pain;
  • limited movement;
  • the increase in body temperature;
  • poor appetite;
  • weight loss;
  • General malaise;
  • fatigue;

  • metastasis of sarcoma.

Treatment synovioma

The tumor is removed surgically. There may be relapses. Benign tumors tend to degenerate into sarcoma.


Systemic sclerosis or dermatosclerosis

Scleroderma is a systemic progressive sclerosis, which affects internal organs and tissues.

Causes of scleroderma:

  • genetic predisposition;
  • infectious diseases;
  • hypothermia;
  • injuries of different nature;
  • endocrine changes.

Symptoms of scleroderma:

  • dense swelling of the seal, and then atrophy of the skin;
  • hyperpigmentation;
  • calcification;
  • vascular and trophic disorders;
  • articular syndrome from mild pain to deformation;

  • osteoporosis;

  • pulmonary fibrosis and other types of multiple sclerosis;
  • significant weight loss;

  • baldness;

  • increase in ESR.

Treatment of scleroderma

Can be prescribed drugs such as:

  • Prednisone;
  • Hingamin;
  • Acetylsalicylic acid;
  • vitamins B1 and B6;
  • Angiotropic;
  • Depopulation;
  • Lidasa;
  • The novocaine.

In addition to medications used therapy, physiotherapy and massage.

Joint disease is very diverse. But none of them that could cause serious damage to human health. Health is fragile, it requires care and attention. Some diseases of the locomotor apparatus at the present level of development of medicine is incurable, some inevitably lead to death.