Interstitial cystitis

The content of the article:

• The symptoms of interstitial cystitis
• The causes of interstitial cystitis
• Treatment of interstitial cystitis

Interstitial cystitis is a disease with non-infectious origin, characterized by damage and inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the bladder with further graniticola process. Located under the mucous layer of the bladder, the tissue is exposed to destructive action of the urine which causes pronounced pain. Of the body wall is gradually replaced by connective tissue and compacted, it greatly reduces the volume of the bladder and interferes with its functionality.

Mostly from disease affects women, their volume of total cases is 90%. Onset of disease after 40 years. Often in patients with interstitial cystitis reveals Gundorovskaya ulcer. In this regard, the disease is divided into two forms of ulcer, which is found in 20% of cases and non-ulcer which is diagnosed in the remaining 80%.

The symptoms of interstitial cystitis

Among the symptoms of the disease are the following:

• Pain localized in the pelvic area, can give in the vagina, anus, lower abdomen, scrotum, penis, sacrum. Women often suffer from pain that occurs during intercourse. Also concerned about pain during the filling of the body with urine and several subside after going to the toilet. There are pain a long time period, which can reach a year or more.
• It is imperative or urgent need to empty the body. Be released maybe just a few drops of liquid.

• The amount of urination increases, and often makes the person spend sleepless nights. This often leads to depression, higher levels of anxiety, isolation.

• In the secreted fluid may show blood, what is clear from the changed color of urine. This is often observed after the patient for a long time holding back the urge to be emptied.
• The disease gradually progresses, there are periods of remission and exacerbation.

In addition, the rise of suicides among people suffering from interstitial cystitis, what is called social maladjustment these patients. In men, there isimpotenceand women deliberately shy away from sexual activity because of the expressed pain during the act.

The causes of interstitial cystitis

As for the causes of the disease, the doctors are of the opinion that the basis of the manifestation of the pathology lies with the neuroendocrine theory.

That is, the development of this form of cystitis is caused by the following facts:

• The disease develops as a result of violations of glycosaminoglycans which cover the top layer of the bladder from the inside. This leads to its thinning and the enhanced contact of urine with interstitial cells.

• The increase of histamine produced by mast cells of the immune system in response to changes of nerve fibers in the bladder wall. While increased histamine triggers inflammation, akin to allergies, which eventually causes the disease.

In addition, doctors allocated additional factors causing the disease:

• Surgery in gynecological and urological field;

• Bowel disease, for example, spastic colitis and irritable bowel syndrome;

• Autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis;

• Allergic reactions;
• Genetic predisposition to develop the disease;
• Exposure to toxic agents;

• Bronchial asthma;

• Pathology of the nervous system;
• Voiding, caused by anatomical peculiarities and diseases of the genitourinary system.

Treatment of interstitial cystitis

Treatment of the disease is based on three principles: the need to restore the integrity of damaged walls of the body to reduce neurogenic activity and eliminates allergies.

Their implementation makes use of the following medications:

• Antidepressant - pentosanpolysulfate sodium. This drug has the ability to repair damaged glikozaminoglikanovlayer of the organ.
• An antidepressant that reduces the pain threshold, as well as reducing the frequency of urination. To treat this form of the disease most commonly prescribed Amitriptyline. It affects the Central and peripheral nervous system activity.
• Anti-Allergy drugs, which aim to reduce the release of histamine. He has a significant impact on the development of the disease, one of the most probable theories of its origin. Popular agents include Cimetidine, Hydroxyzine.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as paracetamol.
• Special attention is given sodium Heparin, which is used for installations and introduces intravesical. This drug has good effect, in combination with hydrocortisone, oksibutirat and tolterodine. Positive results in the treatment of these assets reach 73%.
• The use of hyaluronic acid that helps protect the inner layer of the bladder. In addition, the drug acts as an immunomodulator.
• The effect of dimethyl Sulfoxide. The drug has a relaxing effect on the patient's body, has anti-inflammatory and energeziruyuschim action.

If conservative treatment does not have the proper effect, can be appointed surgery. It is aimed at either removing part of the damaged wall of the body or to remove the bladder completely and a new body from a portion of the intestine of the patient. However, doctors say is low enough, the positive effects of operations, and therefore tend to resort to them only in extreme cases. Also invasive procedures include cauterization of the body by laser and the introduction of botulinum toxin.

Treatment drugs should be supplemented with povedencheskoi therapy, which is carried out for at least 6 months. For this the patient must perform a set of exercises, including exercise and Size, as well as to train the bladder. No less important a special diet, which focuses on the exclusion of foods containing acid and potassium, and their subsequent gradual return to the menu.